Table 2.
Risk factors for bat exposure among respondents in two communities in the Province Datem del Marañón of Perú, 2010
| Subcategory | Exposed | Non-exposed | Total | P value | OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Percent | n | Percent | n | Percent | |||
| Demographics (N = 92) | ||||||||
| Santa Marta | 61 | 83.6 | 7 | 36.8 | 68 | 73.9 | < 0.001* | 8.71 (2.85–26.68) |
| Age less than or equal to 25 years† | 41 | 56.2 | 5 | 26.3 | 46 | 50.0 | 0.038* | 3.59 (1.17–11.01) |
| Male | 43 | 58.9 | 8 | 42.1 | 51 | 55.4 | 0.207 | 1.97 (0.71–5.48) |
| Household characteristics | ||||||||
| More than five people living in household (N = 92) | 52 | 71.2 | 8 | 42.1 | 60 | 65.2 | 0.029* | 3.41 (1.20–9.65) |
| Own pets/livestock (N = 91) | 63 | 87.5 | 17 | 89.5 | 80 | 87.9 | 1 | 0.82 (0.16–4.17) |
| Own dogs (N = 91) | 24 | 33.3 | 11 | 57.9 | 35 | 38.5 | 0.065 | 0.36 (0.13–1.02) |
| Any pets/livestock bitten by bats (N = 79) | 53 | 84.1 | 6 | 37.5 | 59 | 74.7 | < 0.001* | 8.83 (2.62–29.83) |
| Activities | ||||||||
| Lived in this house less than 1 year (N = 73) | 7 | 13.0 | 8 | 42.1 | 15 | 20.5 | 0.017* | 0.20 (0.06–0.69) |
| More than 5 years living/working with bats (N = 53) | 12 | 32.4 | 2 | 12.5 | 14 | 26.4 | 0.183 | 3.36 (0.66–17.21) |
| Reported hunting bats (N = 70) | 6 | 11.8 | 1 | 5.3 | 7 | 10.0 | 0.665 | 2.40 (0.27–21.37) |
| Reported agriculture (N = 70) | 43 | 84.3 | 17 | 89.5 | 60 | 85.7 | 0.717 | 0.63 (0.12–3.29) |
| Reported using a mosquito net (N = 70) | 37 | 72.5 | 14 | 73.7 | 51 | 72.9 | 1 | 0.94 (0.29–3.11) |
| Education (N = 76) | ||||||||
| Secondary or above | 11 | 19.3 | 3 | 15.8 | 14 | 18.4 | 1 | 1.28 (0.32–5.16) |
| Knowledge (N = 70) | ||||||||
| Reported having basic or no rabies knowledge | 51 | 100.0 | 19 | 100.0 | 70 | 100.0 | NA‡ | NA |
| Indicated animal bites as mechanism of transmission | 11 | 21.6 | 5 | 26.3 | 16 | 22.9 | 0.752 | 0.77 (0.23–2.61) |
| Described rabies as severe | 19 | 37.3 | 8 | 42.1 | 27 | 38.6 | 0.785 | 0.82 (0.28–2.39) |
| Identified bats as a rabies source | 8 | 15.7 | 4 | 21.1 | 12 | 17.1 | 0.723 | 0.70 (0.18–2.65) |
| Identified dogs as a rabies source | 16 | 31.4 | 9 | 47.4 | 25 | 35.7 | 0.266 | 0.51 (0.17–1.49) |
| If bitten by a bat (N = 70) | ||||||||
| Wash with soap and water | 5 | 9.8 | 0 | 0.0 | 5 | 7.1 | 0.314 | NA |
| Seek medical care | 10 | 19.6 | 6 | 31.6 | 16 | 22.9 | 0.343 | 0.53 (0.16–1.74) |
| Do not know or do nothing | 30 | 58.8 | 7 | 36.8 | 37 | 52.9 | 0.116 | 2.45 (0.83–7.26) |
| Other | 6 | 11.8 | 6 | 31.6 | 12 | 17.1 | 0.074 | 0.29 (0.08–1.05) |
| If bitten by a rabid animal (N = 70) | ||||||||
| Wash with soap and water | 2 | 3.9 | 0 | 0.0 | 2 | 2.9 | 1 | NA |
| Seek medical care | 16 | 31.4 | 10 | 52.6 | 26 | 37.1 | 0.163 | 0.41 (0.14–1.21) |
| Do not know or do nothing | 33 | 64.7 | 7 | 36.8 | 40 | 57.1 | 0.056 | 3.14 (1.05–9.39) |
| Other | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 5.3 | 1 | 1.4 | 0.195 | 0.18 (0.09–0.34) |
| Vaccinated against rabies (N = 92) | ||||||||
| Post-exposure prophylaxis (bat exposure) | 1 | 1.4 | 1 | 5.3 | 2 | 2.2 | 0.372 | 0.25 (0.015–4.19) |
| Pre-exposure prophylaxis (military service) | 1 | 1.4 | 0 | 0.0 | 1 | 1.1 | 1 | NA |
*
Statistically significant.
†
Mean age of population.
‡
NA = not available.