Table 2.

Survey population characteristics stratified by ethnicity, Laos^*

Characteristic	Total		Lao-Tai		Mon-Khmer		Hmong-Mien		χ2†	P
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Sex
F	656	50.2	277	50.1	270	51.6	109	47.4	1.2	0.562
M	650	49.8	276	49.9	253	48.4	121	52.6
Province
Oudomxay	383	29.3	58	10.5	297	56.8	28	12.2	1,000.0	< 0.001
Luangprabang	348	26.7	91	16.5	226	43.1	31	13.5
Huaphan	280	21.4	271	49.0	0	0.0	9	3.9
Xiengkhuang	295	22.6	133	24.1	0	0.0	162	70.4
Wealth status
Most poor	225	17.2	14	2.5	162	31.0	49	21.3	292.1	< 0.001
Very poor	246	18.8	59	10.7	152	29.1	35	15.2
Poor	283	21.7	176	31.8	61	11.7	46	20.0
Less poor	288	22.1	178	32.2	54	10.3	56	24.4
Least poor	264	20.2	126	22.8	94	18.0	44	19.1
Age (years)
6–10	217	16.6	69	12.5	99	18.9	49	21.3	26.7	0.003
11–14	183	14.0	75	13.6	70	13.4	38	16.5
15–24	258	19.8	105	19.0	102	19.5	51	22.2
25–39	282	21.6	135	24.4	109	20.8	38	16.5
40–54	225	17.2	93	16.8	98	18.7	34	14.8
≥ 55	141	10.8	76	13.7	45	8.6	20	8.7
Defecation site
Latrine	861	65.9	475	85.9	275	52.6	111	48.3	171.6	< 0.001
Open	445	34.1	78	14.1	248	47.4	119	51.7
Male head of HH
Illiterate	228	17.5	25	4.5	164	31.4	39	17.0	134.4	< 0.001
Literate	1,078	82.5	528	95.5	359	68.6	191	83.0
Female head of HH
Illiterate	504	38.6	83	15.0	296	56.6	125	54.4	225.4	< 0.001
Literate	802	61.4	470	85.0	227	43.4	105	45.6

^*HH = household.

^†Calculated across all groups and ethnicities.