Table 5.
Prevalence of pig cysticercosis (Taenia solium, T. hydatigena, and T. asiatica) by carcass inspection and seroprevalence of pig cysticercosis (antigen-capture ELISA) by location, sex, breed, age, and production system at last point of sale, Laos*
| Risk factor | No. (%) | Carcass inspection prevalence of pig cysticercosis (95% CI) | Cysticercosis antigen-capture ELISA positivity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T. solium (95% CI) | P | T. hydatigena (95% CI) | P | Prevalence (95% CI) | P | ||
| Total | 590 | 0.8 (0.1-1.6) | 22.4 (19.0-25.7) | 68.5 (64.7–72.2) | |||
| Province (n = 590) | |||||||
| Luangprabang | 209 (35.4) | 1.4 (0.0–3.1) | 0.335† | 22.5 (16.8–28.2) | 0.173‡ | 71.3 (65.1–77.5) | 0.177‡ |
| Huaphan | 190 (32.2) | 1.1 (0.0–2.5) | 26.3 (20.0–32.6) | 70.5 (64.0–77.1) | |||
| Xiengkhuang | 191 (32.4) | 0 | 18.3 (12.7–23.8) | 63.3 (56.5–70.2) | |||
| Age (months) (n = 528) | |||||||
| ≤ 6 | 70 (13.3) | 0 | 0.010† | 27.1 (16.6–37.7) | 0.629‡ | 68.6 (57.6–79.6) | 0.389‡ |
| 7–12 | 250 (47.4) | 0 | 22.8 (17.6–28.0) | 73.2 (67.7–78.7) | |||
| 13–18 | 128 (24.2) | 1.6 (0.0–3.7) | 19.5 (12.6–26.4) | 68.0 (59.8–76.1) | |||
| ≥ 18 | 80 (15.2) | 3.8 (0.0–8.0) | 25.0 (15.4–34.6) | 63.8 (53.1–74.4) | |||
| Breed (n = 538) | |||||||
| Lao indigenous | 473 (87.9) | 1.1 (0.1–2.0) | – | 24.7 (20.8–28.6) | 0.077† | 72.1 (68.0–76.1) | 0.107‡ |
| Exotic | 37 (6.9) | 0 | 10.8 (0.6–21.0) | 56.8 (40.5–73.0) | |||
| Cross-breed | 28 (5.2) | 0 | 14.3 (1.1–27.5) | 64.3 (46.2–82.4) | |||
| Sex (n = 540) | |||||||
| F | 275 (50.9) | 0.7 (0.0–1.7) | 0.151† | 22.5 (17.6–27.5) | 0.423‡ | 69.5 (64.0–74.9) | 0.674‡ |
| M | 130 (24.1) | 2.3 (0.0–4.9) | 20.0 (13.1–26.9) | 67.7 (59.6–75.8) | |||
| Castrated male | 135 (25.0) | 0 | 26.7 (19.2–34.2) | 72.6 (65.0–80.2) | |||
| Production system at lastpoint of sale (n = 518) | |||||||
| Penned/corralled | 345 (66.6) | 1.2 (0.0–2.3) | 1.000† | 19.4 (15.2–23.6) | 0.024† | 67.2 (62.3–72.2) | 0.253† |
| Free roaming | 167 (32.2) | 0.6 (0.0–1.8) | 29.3 (22.4–36.3) | 74.3 (67.6–80.9) | |||
| Mixed | 6 (1.2) | 0 | 33.3 (0.0–74.7) | 66.7 (25.3–100.0) | |||
*
ELISA = enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; CI = confidence interval; Mixed = sometimes penned and sometimes free-roaming.
†
By Fisher's exact test.
‡
By Pearson's chi-square test.