ER stress increases hepatocyte sensitivity to TNF-α induced cell death. Hepa-1 (a) or primary hepatocytes from B6 mice (b) cells were pre-incubated with vehicle control or Tg, followed by TNF-α stimulation. Cell death was measured at 24 or 48 h by LDH assay. In a separate experiment, Tg-treated hepa-1 cells were harvested after 15 min, 30 min, 1 h and 2 h of TNF-α stimulation. Cell lysates were subjected to Western blot analysis of p-NF-κB, IκB and β-actin (c). Representative results of 3 separate experiments.