Table 2.
—Multivariate Analysis of Lung Cancer Risk According to CT Scan-Diagnosed Emphysema
| Study | Extent of Emphysema | OR | 95% CI | Covariates |
| Semiquantitative/visual | ||||
| de Torres et al14/2007 | Any | 2.51 | 1.01-6.23 | Age, sex, smoking history, airflow obstruction |
| Wilson et al15/2008 | Any | 3.14 | 1.91-5.15 | Age, sex, smoking history, airflow obstruction |
| < 10% | 2.48 | 1.37-4.49 | ||
| 10%-25% | 4.43 | 2.53-7.79 | ||
| ≥ 25% | 2.56 | 1.26-5.20 | ||
| Mizuno et al16/2009 | Any | 1.73 | 1.02-2.94 | Age, sex, smoking history, airflow obstruction, lung restriction, fibrosis/ground glass attenuation |
| Li et al18/2011 | Any | 2.79 | 2.05-3.81 | Pack-years, other lung disease, family history of lung cancer |
| ≥ 5% | 3.8 | 2.78-5.19 | ||
| ≥ 10% | 3.33 | 2.30-4.82 | ||
| Quantitative | ||||
| Maldonado et al17/2010 | % Emphysema as continuous variable | 1.04 (NS) | 0.82-1.33 | Age, sex, smoking history |
| < 5% | 1.00 (NS) | NR | ||
| 5%-9% | 1.90 (NS) | 0.90-4.03 | ||
| 10%-14% | 2.17 (NS) | 0.96-4.91 | ||
| ≥ 15% | 1.57 (NS) | 0.73-3.37 | ||
| Lung volume as continuous variable | 1.02 | 1.00-1.03 |
NS = not statistically significant. See Table 1 legend for expansion of other abbreviation.