Table 2.
Novel agents used in hematological malignancies and their impact on NK-cell activation.
| Class of drugs | Therapeutic molecules | Main indications | Inhibitory receptor ligands | Activating receptors | Activating receptor ligands | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IMIDs | Thalidomide | Multiple myeloma | NKp46 | [67] | ||
| Lenalidomide | upregulation | |||||
|
| ||||||
| HDACI | Vorinostat | Lymphoma | NKp30 and NKp46 | NKG2D and | [68, 69] | |
| Panobinostat | DNAM ligand | |||||
| downregulation | upregulation | |||||
|
| ||||||
| Demethylating agents | 5-azacytidine | MDS | Up regulation | NKG2D ligand | [70, 71] | |
| 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine | KIR | upregulation | ||||
|
| ||||||
| Proteasome inhibitors | Bortezomib | Multiple myeloma | Downregulation HLA molecules |
NKG2D TRAIL and DNAM |
[72–75] | |
| ligand upregulation | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| All-trans retinoic acid | Vesanoid | AML3 | NKG2D | [76] | ||
| Upregulation | ||||||
|
| ||||||
| Tyrosine kinase inhibitors | Imatinib mesylate | CML | NKG2D | sMICA | [77] | |
| upregulation | downregulation | |||||
Abbreviations: IMIDs: immunomodulaory drugs; HDACI: Histone deacetylase inhibitors; MDS: myelodysplastic syndrome; AML: acute myeloid leukemia; CML: chronic myeloid leukemia; NK: natural killer cell; sMICA: stress-induced molecule HLA class-I chain-related A.