Table 2.
Comparison of data sources, types, models, and handling of duplicate patients.
| CER Project Name | Data sources | Data types | Standard data model(s) used | Duplicate patients identified across organizations? |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SPAN | Health plan enrollment, pharmacy dispensing, utilization data, billing data, vitals, lab results, tumor registry, death info | Local codes Standard codes No unstructured text |
Expanded version of the HMO Research Network Virtual Data Warehouse Version 3 (13 tables linked by a unique identifier)27 |
No. Two organizations unlikely to have information for the same patient during a defined enrollment period. |
| WICER | Patient surveys, vital statistics, health literacy, socioeconomic status, in-patient, ambulatory clinics, long term care facilities, home care agencies | Local codes Standard codes Processed Free text |
Early version of the HL-7 Reference Information Model | Yes, many patients are participants in New York Care Connect HIE |
| CER-HUB | Ambulatory EHR, In-patient discharge summaries, billing, pharmacy dispensing, lab results; all are extracted based on project need via standard extraction mechanism. | Local codes Standard codes Processed Free text |
Implementation of HL-7 Clinical Document Architecture that extends the CCD (Continuity of Care Document) | No. Unlikely for sites currently involved to have overlap in patient populations. One site operates a single instance EHR for its multiple consortium member FQHC organizations. |
| RPDR | Demographics and labs data loaded nightly; EHR, billing and decision support systems data (including vitals and inpatient and ambulatory clinics data), death info and pharmacy data loaded monthly; text clinical notes available on project-need basis. | Local codes Standard codes Processed Free text |
Star schema data model codes clinical events as “facts” in relational database structure with radiating tables that further define facts, along with metadata tables | Yes, Enterprise Master Patient Index |
| INPC COMET-AD | Multiple hospital systems, healthcare payers, practice organizations (eg, primary care group practice, radiology practice, sports medicine practice), laboratory organizations | Local codes Standard codes Processed Free text and unstructured text |
Identifier, timestamp, “question” term, and “answer” term - where answer term is numeric, coded, date, person (e.g., patient or clinician), or free text value. Also some “compound” results. | Yes, patients are linked across, institutions in the Indiana Network for Patient Care via the global person ID service |
| SCOAP-CERTN | ADT/Registration, Laboratory, Medications, text Reports (e.g. Doppler Ultrasound report), text Notes (e.g. Operative Note) | Local codes Standard codes Processed Free text Unstructured text |
HL7-v3 in warehouse augmented by data elements from the SCOAP data collection forms | No |
Abbreviations: Health Information Exchange (HIE); Federally-Qualified Health Care facilities (FQHCs); Health Level 7 – Version 3 (HL7-v3)