Figure 6.

Expression of PI3K, p-PI3K, Akt, p-Akt, Bad, p-Bad, cytochrome c, pro-caspase 9, caspase 9, and pro-caspase 3, caspase 3 proteins in LOVO cells after treatment comprising GA with or without MNPs-Fe₃O₄ for 48 hours.

Notes: Lane 1, control; lane 2, 60 μg/mL MNPs-Fe₃O₄; lane 3, 0.35 μmol/L GA; lane 4, GA-MNPs-Fe₃O₄ (0.35 μmol/L GA with 60 μg/mL MNPs-Fe₃O₄). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 compared with the control group; ^#P < 0.05, when compared with the GA group.

Abbreviations: MNPs-Fe₃O₄, magnetic nanoparticles containing Fe₃O₄; GA, gambogic acid.