Table 3. Trends in age-standardised prevalence of hypertension, adiposity, and current smoking in Vietnam population aged 25–74 between 2001 and 2009, stratified by sex, and residential areas.
| Hypertension (BP≥140/90 mmHg or currently treated) | Adiposity | |||||||||||||||
| Evidence of hypertension | Awareness of hypertension†† | Treated hypertension†† | Controlled hypertension†† | Current Smoking | Obesity BMI ≥25 kgm−2 | Abdominal fatness††† | ||||||||||
| Year | Sample size (n) | Survey† | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men | Women | Men |
| Rural area (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2001 | 1,093 | (1) | 9.4 | 12.3 | 11.4 | 17.6 | 4.1 | 3.5 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 63.7 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 3.8 | 0.8 |
| 2002 | 1,996 | (1) | 6.9 | 11.4 | 23.1 | 30.2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 60.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.8 | 0.5 |
| 2003 | 2,512 | (1)+(2) | 13.0 | 21.1 | 11.1 | 9.1 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 65.4 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 9.2 | 1.0 |
| 2004 | 889 | (2) | 8.8 | 11.9 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 2.6 | 0.0 | 1.3 | 53.5 | 2.2 | 1.7 | 4.7 | 0.2 |
| 2005 | 2,357 | (4) | 11.2 | 19.6 | 24.2 | 19.2 | 9.2 | 5.9 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 61.5 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 6.9 | 1.3 |
| 2006 | 1,923 | (1)+(5) | 17.7 | 31.7 | 32.1 | 18.6 | 28.5 | 15.3 | 9.0 | 7.3 | 16.6 | 70.6 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 1.2 |
| 2007 | 1,831 | (1)+(5) | 23.3 | 25.8 | 70.2 | 51.7 | 65.1 | 46.8 | 41.1 | 18.7 | 1.5 | 63.2 | 11.0 | 8.2 | 22.4 | 5.3 |
| 2008 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| 2009 | 1,946 | (3)+(5) | 15.3 | 24.4 | 30.6 | 26.8 | 19.8 | 19.7 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 2.0 | 61.6 | 2.4 | 3.0 | 7.6 | 2.5 |
| p for trend * | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.001 | 0.130 | 0.003 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
| Urban area (%) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2001 | 1,293 | (1) | 16.0 | 21.2 | 47.6 | 35.9 | 8.1 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 64.4 | 15.6 | 12.4 | 14.6 | 3.7 |
| 2002 | 598 | (1) | 16.0 | 15.4 | 46.8 | 34.4 | 4.1 | 1.2 | 4.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 61.4 | 9.5 | 8.0 | 12.0 | 2.4 |
| 2003 | 1,830 | (1)+(2) | 14.8 | 23.8 | 32.1 | 19.4 | 14.4 | 2.6 | 6.2 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 64.5 | 15.1 | 13.8 | 15.4 | 3.5 |
| 2004 | 2,427 | (2)+(5) | 16.5 | 31.7 | 29.0 | 19.3 | 25.2 | 16.5 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 0.1 | 59.1 | 6.0 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 2.8 |
| 2005 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2006 | 237 | (1) | 20.6 | 25.7 | 41.6 | 33.2 | 35.4 | 33.2 | 12.5 | 6.8 | 18.6 | 65.9 | 9.2 | 6.9 | 6.9 | 0.1 |
| 2007 | 284 | (1) | 31.6 | 40.4 | 59.7 | 63.1 | 55.1 | 60.6 | 16.5 | 31.1 | 5.2 | 69.3 | 9.0 | 4.7 | 35.5 | 5.3 |
| 2008 | 2,058 | (1)+(3) | 29.2 | 35.3 | 59.2 | 34.8 | 56.9 | 30.0 | 23.8 | 9.9 | 2.0 | 54.7 | 22.3 | 23.9 | 25.9 | 8.6 |
| 2009 | 288 | (3) | 16.1 | 32.7 | 53.8 | 42.6 | 39.6 | 37.2 | 14.2 | 17.4 | 3.8 | 56.6 | 8.6 | 18.2 | 16.5 | 5.3 |
| p for trend * | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.008 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||
†
(1) NESH: the national epidemiological survey on hypertension and its risk factors; (2) HF-S: the survey on heart failure and its risk factors; (3) DM-S: the survey on diabetes and its risk factors; (4) NCDS: the survey on non-communicable disease risk factors; (5) HMPS: the hypertension management programme in rural communes.
††
Prevalence in hypertensive population.
†††
Waist circumference ≥90 cm in men or ≥80 cm in women.
*
p for trend was estimated from univariable linear regression between the variable of interest with time (year).