Table 2.
Factors Associated With Post–Antiretroviral Therapy T-Cell CD28 Expression in Virally Suppressed Chronically HIV-Infected Adults
| %CD28−CD4+ T Cells at Wk 96 (n = 395) |
%CD28−CD8+ T Cells at Wk 96 (n = 395) |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | No. | Mean %CD28− | Multivariable Estimate (95% CI) | P Value | No. | Mean %CD28− | Multivariable Estimate (95% CI) | P Value |
| Age, years | ||||||||
| ≤30 | 82 | 9.7 | −2.1 (−5.2, 1.0) | .18 | 81 | 44.3 | −11 (−15, −6.5) | <.01 |
| 31–44 | 228 | 11.7 | −0.7 (−3.1, 1.8) | .59 | 228 | 49.4 | −5.3 (−8.9, −1.7) | <.01 |
| ≥45 | 85 | 12.0 | Ref | … | 86 | 54.5 | Ref | … |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 330 | 12.0 | 4.5 (1.8, 7.1) | <.01 | 331 | 50.2 | 3.7 (−0.3, 7.6) | .07 |
| Female | 65 | 7.7 | Ref | 64 | 45.7 | Ref | … | |
| Wk 0 CD4+ cells/μL | ||||||||
| ≤50 | 83 | 13.7 | 1.4 (−2.6, 5.4) | .49 | 83 | 52.4 | 2.8 (−3.1, 8.7) | .35 |
| 51–200 | 97 | 12.0 | −0.1 (−3.7, 3.6) | .98 | 97 | 49.3 | 0.01 (−5.3, 5.4) | .99 |
| 201–350 | 100 | 10.2 | −1.5 (−5.0, 2.0) | .39 | 99 | 49.4 | 1.1 (−4.0, 6.2) | .68 |
| 351–500 | 67 | 8.5 | −3.4 (−7.0, 0.3) | .07 | 68 | 47.1 | −0.3 (−5.6, 5.0) | .91 |
| >500 | 48 | 12.3 | Ref | … | 48 | 48.3 | Ref | … |
| Wk 0 log10 copies/mL HIV RNA | 395 | … | −0.5 (−2.0, 1.1) | .56 | 395 | … | 1.4 (−0.9, 3.7) | .23 |
| Hepatitis C statusa | ||||||||
| Positive | 40 | 8.9 | −3.4 (−6.7, −0.1) | .05 | 41 | 46.0 | −4.5 (−9.4, 0.3) | .06 |
| Negative | 313 | 11.7 | Ref | 312 | 49.7 | Ref | ||
Multivariable models include covariates shown as well as race/ethnicity and initial antiretroviral therapy regimen.
Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.
a Models include indicator term for missing hepatitis C status (n = 42).