Table 1.
Characteristics of Enrolled, Tested, and Infected Subjects
| Characteristic | Enrolled (n = 591) | Samples Tested for RSV, HMPV, and Influenza (n = 508) | RSV Infection (n = 31/508; 6.1%) | HMPV Infection (n = 23/508; 4.5%) | Influenza Infection (n = 33/508; 6.5%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age in years, median (IQR) | 68 (58–78.4) | 66 (58–78) | 68 (56–78) | 76.2 (66–83.2)a | 60 (55–70) |
| Age group, no. (%)b | |||||
| 50–64 years | 254 (43) | 226 (44.5) | 12 (38.7) | 4 (17.4) | 23 (69.7) |
| ≥65 years | 337 (57) | 282 (55.5) | 19 (61.3) | 19 (82.6) | 10 (30.3) |
| Duration of symptoms in days, median (IQR) | 5 (3–8) | 5 (3–8) | 6.5 (4–7) | 5 (4–8) | 5 (3–9) |
| Sex, no. (%) | |||||
| Male | 239 (40.4) | 203 (40) | 14 (45.2) | 8 (34.8) | 9 (27.3) |
| Female | 352 (59. 6) | 305 (60) | 17 (54.8) | 15 (65.2) | 24 (72.7) |
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | |||||
| White | 395 (66.8) | 323 (63.6) | 22 (71) | 14 (60.9) | 19 (57.6) |
| Black | 185 (31.3) | 175 (34.5) | 8 (25.8) | 8 (34.8) | 14 (42.4) |
| Living situation, no. (%) | |||||
| Independent | 154 (26.1) | 127 (25) | 8 (25.8) | 4 (17.4) | 4 (12.1) |
| With family | 379 (64.1) | 330 (65) | 18 (58.1) | 16 (69.6) | 26 (78.8) |
| In nursing facility | 52 (8.8) | 46 (9.1) | 4 (12.9) | 3 (13) | 3 (9.1) |
| Chronic illnesses, no. (%) | |||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 351 (59.4) | 303 (59.7) | 15 (48.4) | 18 (78.3)a | 17 (51.5) |
| Pulmonary disease | 381 (64.5) | 322 (63.4) | 21 (67.7) | 14 (60.9) | 23 (69.7) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 234 (39.6) | 207 (40.8) | 12 (38.7) | 7 (30.4) | 13 (39.4) |
| Immunodeficiencyc | 288 (48.7) | 241 (47.4) | 19 (61.3)a | 9 (39.1) | 11 (33.3) |
| Smoker (within last 6 months), no. (%) | 138 (23.4) | 120 (23.6) | 8 (25.8) | 1 (4.4)a | 14 (42.4) |
| Flu vaccination, no. (%) | 424 (71.7) | 366 (72.1) | 20 (64.5) | 20 (87)a | 17 (51.5) |
Abbreviations: HMPV, human metapneumovirus; IQR, interquartile range; RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.
a Differences were significant (P < .05) when compared with influenza virus.
b Differences between both RSV and influenza and HMPV and influenza were significant (P < .05).
c Transplant, cancer, splenectomy, HIV/AIDS, steroid use, chemotherapy, immunosuppression