Fig 2.

IMiDs induce polyfunctional HIV-specific CD8⁺ T cells. Purified CD8⁺ T cells were stimulated with DCs electroporated with mRNA encoding Gag or Nef. After 10 days of stimulation, the cells were cocultured with DCs electroporated with Gag or Nef to measure antigen-specific cytokine and chemokine production by intracellular stainings. (A) Flow cytometry plots showing the (co)expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and MIP-1β by CD8⁺ T cells. (B) Overview graphs showing the percentages of CD8⁺ T cells producing 1, 2, 3, or 4 cytokines/chemokines. Each symbol represents one experiment. Equal shapes indicate that the Gag-specific (filled symbols) or the Nef-specific (open symbols) CD8⁺ T-cell responses of the same patient were analyzed. Horizontal lines indicate the means from all experiments. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001. (C) Pie charts showing the proportion of CD8⁺ T cells displaying 1 to 4 functions. In panels A and C, one representative example out of 7 experiments is shown.