Fig 4.

Filarial antigen stimulation induces increased production of VEGF-A and -C in filarial pathology. PBMCs from individuals with chronic pathology (CP) and from infected (INF) individuals (n = 13 each) were stimulated with BmA and Mf antigens for 24 h, and the protein levels of VEGF-A (A), VEGF-C (B), Ang-1 (C), and Ang-2 (D) were measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as net levels, with medium control levels subtracted. Data are shown in the form of bar graphs depicting the geometric means + 95% confidence intervals.