CrΔ4FAD expression specifically affects the MGDG content (A), but not the DGDG content (B), of Chlamydomonas. The total fatty acid content remains unchanged (C), but the higher total-galactolipid content in the overexpression lines leads to an increased chlorophyll content (D). Lipids for panels A to C were isolated from a defined amount of cells, separated by TLC, and quantified as FAMEs. Pigments (D) were isolated, and their absorbance spectra were detected in 80% acetone. Asterisks indicate significant differences between knockdown or overexpression lines and their corresponding controls (P, <0.05 by a nonpaired two-sample t test). Data were obtained from at least six independent experiments. Strains are explained in the legend to Fig. 4.