Table 1.

Genetic modifications of constructed strains and ethanol production compared to parental strain AWRI1631

Strain	Modified gene(s)	Genetic modification	Ethanol (%)a	Significanceb
AWRI1631	None	None (parental strain)	100 ± 1.4	NS
AWRI1631 ΔACO1	ACO1	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.6	NS
AWRI1631 ΔACO2	ACO2	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.2	NS
AWRI1631 ΔADH1	ADH1	ORF deletion	100 ± 0.6	NS
AWRI1631 ΔADH3	ADH3	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.4	NS
AWRI1631 ΔADH1ΔADH3	ADH1, ADH3	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.6	NS
AWRI1631 ΔFRDS1	FRD1	ORF deletion	100 ± 0.9	NS
AWRI1631 ΔGPH1	GPH1	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.3	NS
AWRI1631 ΔGRR1	GRR1	ORF deletion	100 ± 1.5	NS
AWRI1631 ΔHXK2	HXK2	ORF deletion	97 ± 0.4	S
AWRI1631 ΔIDH1	IDH1	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.4	NS
AWRI1631 ΔIDP2	IDP2	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.6	NS
AWRI1631 ΔKGD1	KGD1	ORF deletion	100 ± 0.1	NS
AWRI1631 ΔMDH1	MDH1	ORF deletion	99 ± 1.4	NS
AWRI1631 ΔMIG1	MIG1	ORF deletion	97 ± 0.8	S
AWRI1631 ΔMIG2	MIG2	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.4	NS
AWRI1631 ΔOSM1	OSM1	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.4	NS
AWRI1631 ΔPDC1	PDC1	ORF deletion	100 ± 2.1	NS
AWRI1631 ΔPDC5	PDC5	ORF deletion	97 ± 0.3	S
AWRI1631 ΔPYC1	PYC1	ORF deletion	99 ± 0.8	NS
AWRI1631 ΔPYC2	PYC2	ORF deletion	99 ± 1.7	NS
AWRI1631 ΔTPI1	TPI1	ORF deletion	Stuck fermentc	NA
AWRI1631 FPS1Δ11	FPS1	Truncated Fps1p	92 ± 0.4	S
AWRI1631 gcrTPI1	TPI1	Point mutation in TPI1 promoter at GCR1 binding site	98 ± 0.9	S
AWRI1631 rapTPI1	TPI1	Point mutation in TPI1 promoter at RAP1 binding site	100 ± 0.7	NS
AWRI1631 aspTPI1	TPI1	Point mutation in TPI1 to change Glu165 to Asp in Tpi1p active site	94 ± 0.3	S
AWRI1631 GOX	GOX	Expression of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger	95 ± 2.1	S
AWRI1631 PYC1	PYC1	Promoter replacement	99 ± 0.4	NS
AWRI1631 MDH2	MDH2	Promoter replacement	98 ± 0.3	S
AWRI1631 FUM1	FUM1	Promoter replacement	100 ± 0.5	NS
AWRI1631 FRDS1	FRD1	Promoter replacement	98 ± 0.5	NS
AWRI1631 ICL1 MLS1	ICL1, MLS1	Promoter replacement	98 ± 0.7	NS
AWRI1631 ADH2	ADH2	Promoter replacement	100 ± 0.6	NS
AWRI1631 ZWF1	ZWF1	Promoter replacement	99 ± 0.8	NS
AWRI1631 GND1	GND1	Promoter replacement	99 ± 0.9	NS
AWRI1631 GPD1	GPD1	Promoter replacement	89 ± 0.3	S
AWRI1631 2GPD1	GPD1	Two copies of the FBA1p-GPD1 cassette	81 ± 0.4	S
AWRI1631 3GPD1	GPD1	Three copies of the FBA1p-GPD1 cassette	71 ± 0.3	S
AWRI1631 GPD1 FPS1Δ11	FPS1, GPD1	GPD1 promoter replacement and truncated Fps1p	87 ± 0.5	S
AWRI1631 GPD1 ΔTPI1	GPD1, TPI1	GPD1 promoter replacement and TPI1 deletion	Stuck ferment	NA
AWRI1631 2GPD1 ACS1	GPD1, ACS1	Two copies of the FBA1p-GPD1 cassette, and ACS1 promoter replacement	84 ± 0.9	S
AWRI 2531	GPD1, ALD6	Two copies of the FBA1p-GPD1 cassette and ALD6 deletion	71 ± 0.4	S
AWRI 2532	GPD1, ALD6	Three copies of the FBA1p-GPD1 cassette and ALD6 deletion	65 ± 1.2	S

^aValues are averages and standard deviations from nine replicates for the parental strain and three replicates for all other strains.

^bS, P < 0.05 (strain produced a significantly lower ethanol yield); NS, not significantly different; NA, not applicable.

^cUnfinished fermentation with high residual sugar.