Oxidation activities of E. coli cells expressing the wild-type CYP199A2 or its F185 mutants for 2-naphthoic acid. Whole cells (A) and cell extracts (B) were reacted with 2-naphthoic acid. The initial rates of 7-, 8-, and 5-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid production (white, black, and gray bars, respectively), which were estimated for the first 10 min of the reaction, are shown. Data are averages from three independent experiments, and error bars indicate standard deviations from the means.