Table 4.

Associations of fast food outlet accessibility/availability measures with BMI z-score and waist circumference in sequentially adjusted models

Adiposity/ Fast food accessibility and availability measures	Model 1a		Model 2b		Model 3c		Model 4d
	Estimated difference	95% CI	Estimated difference	95% CI	Estimated difference	95% CI	Estimated difference	95% CI
BMI z-score
Distance to nearest (miles)	0.032**	0.008, 0.056	0.029*	0.005, 0.052	0.027*	0.002, 0.053	0.052*	0.007, 0.098
Number in 1-mile buffer	−0.015	−0.041, 0.011	−0.013	−0.039, 0.013	−0.009	−0.036, 0.017	0.002	−0.027, 0.031
Density (number per sq. mile)
Lowest density (Quartile 1)	0.233*	0.048, 0.419	0.209*	0.024, 0.394	0.246*	0.027, 0.464	0.136	−0.115, 0.388
Quartile 2	0.188	−0.002, 0.378	0.169	−0.021, 0.359	0.200	−0.013, 0.414	0.122	−0.101, 0.346
Quartile 3	0.056	−0.123, 0.235	0.042	−0.137, 0.221	0.060	−0.122, 0.243	0.044	−0.141, 0.229
Highest density (Quartile 4)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Waist circumference
Distance to nearest (miles)	0.270	−0.030, 0.568	0.251	−0.044, 0.545	0.150	−0.162, 0.462	0.404	−0.054, 0.861
Number in 1-mile buffer	−0.128	−0.429, 0.173	−0.108	−0.410, 0.194	0.0001	−0.310, 0.310	0.047	−0.288, 0.383
Density (number per sq. mile)
Lowest density (Quartile 1)	2.437*	0.137, 4.737	2.297	−0.026, 4.620	1.905	−0.737, 4.548	0.423	−2.304, 3.151
Quartile 2	2.375*	0.143, 4.616	2.270*	0.008, 4.533	1.935	−0.596, 4.467	0.900	−1.576, 3.376
Quartile 3	0.520	−1.534, 2.575	0.375	−1.695, 2.445	0.184	−1.935, 2.303	0.051	−2.070, 2.171
Highest density (Quartile 4)	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

^aadjusted for age at clinic visit, race/ethnicity, gender, cohort year, diabetes type, diabetes duration.

^bModel 1+ parental education.

^cModel 2+ population density.

^dModel 3+ supermarket accessibility/availability.

p-value: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01.