TABLE 1.
Immunomodulatory effects of intravenous apoptotic cell infusion in transplantation settings: an overview.
| Experimental transplantation models: | Hematopoietic cell engraftment | Rat heart transplantation | Graft-versus-Host Disease | Mouse heart transplantation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dependent on the origin of infused apoptotic cells: | no (17,19) | yes (only donor apoptotic cells prolong survival, [20]) | yesa | yes (only donor apoptotic cells prolong survival, [21]) |
| Timing of apoptotic cell infusion: | with the bone marrow graft (17–19) | 7 days before heart transplant (20) | with the bone marrow graft (18) | 7 days after transplant (21) |
| Required phagocytes: | splenic host macrophages (18) | host macrophages (20) | ND | splenic host CD8α+ DC (21) |
| Required cytokines: | TGF-β (18, 19) | ND | ND | intragraft TGF-β and IL-10 (21) |
| Treg induction: | yes, but not critical in the graft facilitating effects (18) | ND | yes, Treg participate to delay the onset of lethal GVHD (18) | suspected, Foxp3+ Treg present in the graft (21) |
| Inhibition of anti-donor immunization: | yes (19) in a TGF-β-dependent manner | ND | ND | yes (suppress systemic anti-donor response; IFN-γ inhibition, [21]) |
a
Kleinclauss F, de Carvalho Bittencourt M, Saas P, unpublished results
ND, not determined.