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. 2012 Aug 1;96(3):483–491. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.025056

TABLE 6.

Standardized regression coefficients for associations between energy intake, physical activity, and macronutrient intake with BMI (kg/m2) in men and women (aged 40–59 y), with the exclusion of participants consuming a special diet (United States, 1996–1999): the INTERMAP (n = 1794)1

Men(n = 947)
 Women(n = 847)
Variable ST β SE P value ST β SE P value
Energy (kcal/d)2 0.38 0.11 0.001 1.41 0.22 <0.001
Physical activity (h/d)2 −0.21 0.05 <0.01 −0.05 0.07 0.41
Dietary fiber (g/d) −0.49 0.15 <0.01 −0.48 0.21 0.02
Total protein (g/d)2 0.76 0.15 <0.001 0.78 0.20 <0.001
Animal protein (g/d)2 0.85 0.15 <0.001 0.92 0.20 <0.001
Vegetable protein (g/d) −0.31 0.16 0.05 −0.41 0.21 0.05
Total fat (g/d)2 0.88 0.15 <0.001 0.39 0.20 0.06
MUFAs (g/d)2 0.88 0.15 <0.001 0.37 0.20 0.07
PUFAs (g/d)2 0.36 0.15 0.02 −0.12 0.20 0.54
SFAs (g/d)2 0.72 0.15 <0.001 0.51 0.20 0.01
PUFA:SFA ratio −0.32 0.16 0.04 −0.48 0.20 0.02
Cholesterol (mg/d)2 0.67 0.15 <0.001 0.56 0.21 <0.01
Keys dietary lipid score3 0.74 0.15 <0.001 0.61 0.20 <0.01
trans Fatty acids (g/d)2 0.42 0.15 0.01 0.11 0.20 0.60
Omega-3 PUFAs (g/d)2 0.42 0.15 0.01 0.04 0.20 0.84
Omega-6 PUFAs (g/d) 0.33 0.15 0.03 −0.11 0.20 0.58
Linoleic acid (g/d)2 0.32 0.15 0.03 −0.15 0.20 0.45
Linolenic acid (g/d) 0.34 0.15 0.02 0.16 0.20 0.43
Total carbohydrates (g/d)2 −0.70 0.15 <0.001 −0.45 0.20 0.02
Starch (g/d)2 −0.10 0.16 0.52 −0.17 0.21 0.43
Sugars (g/d)2 −0.64 0.15 <0.001 −0.36 0.20 0.07
Alcohol (g/d) −0.39 0.15 0.01 −0.38 0.21 0.07
1

Associations of nutrient intakes with BMI were assessed with linear regression by using the residual method to examine associations independent of total energy intake. Regression coefficients are presented for the residual value predicted by total energy intake and were standardized per 1-SD difference except for total energy, which is presented per 500 kcal/d (unstandardized), and physical activity, which is presented as h/d (unstandardized). All models were adjusted for age, education (y), race-ethnicity, smoking status (yes or no), history of high blood pressure or cardiovascular disease (yes or no), dietary supplement use (yes or no), moderate or heavy physical activity (h/d), and total energy intake (kcal/d). INTERMAP, International Study of Macro-/Micronutrients and Blood Pressure; ST, standardized.

2

Test for between-sex heterogeneity was significant, P < 0.10.

3

Calculated as 1.35 (2 SFA − PUFA) + 1.5 CHOL1/2, where CHOL is dietary cholesterol in mg/1000 kcal.