TABLE 3.
Associations between intake of AS and SS beverages during pregnancy and PTD subgroups in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study1
| AS beverages |
SS beverages |
|||||
| All | PTD | Adjusted OR2(95% CI) | All | PTD | Adjusted OR2(95% CI) | |
| All preterm delivery (<37 wk) | n | % | n | % | ||
| Never | 22,229 | 5.0 ± 0.153 | 1 | 6155 | 4.7 ± 0.27 | 1 |
| <1 serving/wk | 14,919 | 5.1 ± 0.18 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.12) | 18,082 | 5.2 ± 0.17 | 1.15 (1.00, 1.32) |
| 1–6 servings/wk | 13,204 | 5.4 ± 0.20 | 1.09 (0.98, 1.20) | 24,906 | 5.2 ± 0.14 | 1.16 (1.01, 1.32) |
| ≥1 serving/d | 10,409 | 5.7 ± 0.23 | 1.11 (1.00, 1.24) | 11,618 | 5.7 ± 0.22 | 1.25 (1.08, 1.45) |
| P-trend4 | 0.025 | 0.009 | ||||
| Late preterm delivery (34 to <37 wk) | ||||||
| Never | 21,929 | 3.7 ± 0.13 | 1 | 6090 | 3.7 ± 0.24 | 1 |
| <1 serving/wk | 14,733 | 3.9 ± 0.16 | 1.05 (0.94, 1.18) | 17,818 | 3.8 ± 0.14 | 1.07 (0.91, 1.25) |
| 1–6 servings/wk | 13,017 | 4.1 ± 0.17 | 1.11 (0.99, 1.24) | 24,590 | 3.9 ± 0.12 | 1.12 (0.96, 1.30) |
| ≥1 serving/d | 10,255 | 4.3 ± 0.20 | 1.14 (1.00,1.29) | 11,436 | 4.2 ± 0.19 | 1.17 (0.99, 1.39) |
| P-trend4 | 0.022 | 0.046 | ||||
| Moderately preterm delivery (32 to <34 wk) | ||||||
| Never | 21,276 | 0.8 ± 0.06 | 1 | 5904 | 0.6 ± 0.10 | 1 |
| <1 serving/wk | 14,261 | 0.7 ± 0.07 | 0.89 (0.69, 1.14) | 17,275 | 0.8 ± 0.07 | 1.34 (0.93, 1.94) |
| 1–6 servings/wk | 12,580 | 0.7 ± 0.08 | 0.92 (0.71, 1.20) | 23,789 | 0.7 ± 0.05 | 1.22 (0.84, 1.75) |
| ≥1 serving/d | 9897 | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 1.03 (0.78, 1.35) | 11,046 | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 1.41 (0.95, 2.11) |
| P-trend4 | 0.997 | 0.282 | ||||
| Early preterm delivery (<32 wk) | ||||||
| Never | 21,248 | 0.6 ± 0.06 | 1 | 5895 | 0.5 ± 0.09 | 1 |
| <1 serving/wk | 14,247 | 0.6 ± 0.07 | 0.94 (0.71, 1.23) | 17,259 | 0.7 ± 0.06 | 1.56 (1.03, 2.36) |
| 1–6 servings/wk | 12,585 | 0.8 ± 0.08 | 1.17 (0.90, 1.53) | 23,769 | 0.6 ± 0.05 | 1.37 (0.91, 2.07) |
| ≥1 serving/d | 9885 | 0.7 ± 0.09 | 1.06 (0.79, 1.42) | 11,042 | 0.8 ± 0.09 | 1.75 (1.13, 2.73) |
| P-trend4 | 0.396 | 0.081 | ||||
1
ORs were calculated by using logistic regression models. AS, artificially sweetened; PTD, preterm delivery; SS, sugar-sweetened.
2
Adjusted for previous preterm delivery, maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, height, total energy intake, marital status, parity, smoking during pregnancy, education, and the other type of beverage.
3
Percentage ± SE (all such values).
4
P values for linear trend were obtained by incorporating the variable as a linear term in logistic regression models.