Table 4.
Beta Coefficients and Standard Errors for Self-Reported Racial/Ethnic Discrimination as a Predictor of Log CRP, White Women and Men: The CARDIA Study (1992–2006)
| Effect on log (CRP) | White women
|
White men
|
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1a | Model 2b | Model 3c | Model 1d | Model 2 e | Model 3f | |||||||
| b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | b | SE | |
| Time-varying correlates | ||||||||||||
| Self-reported racial/ethnic discrimination | ||||||||||||
| No experiences of discrimination | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 1 or 2 experiences of discrimination | 0.040 | 0.053 | 0.049 | 0.055 | 0.072 | 0.051 | −0.071 | 0.051 | −0.069 | 0.053 | −0.048 | 0.051 |
| 3 + experiences of discrimination | 0.244* | 0.118 | 0.303* | 0.124 | 0.300** | 0.113 | −0.031 | 0.118 | −0.054 | 0.122 | −0.036 | 0.117 |
| Time | −0.018*** | 3.32E-03 | −0.018*** | 3.38E-03 | −0.026*** | 3.15E-03 | −8.66E-03** | 3.09E-03 | −8.76E-03** | 3.13E-03 | −0.016*** | 3.15E-03 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 0.012*** | 1.93E-03 | 0.012*** | 1.98E-03 | 2.98E-03 | 1.85E-03 | 9.44E-03*** | 1.76E-03 | 9.44E-03*** | 1.79E-03 | 7.40E-03*** | 1.76E-03 |
| Total cholesterol | 2.42E-03*** | 7.20E-04 | 2.44E-03*** | 7.37E-04 | 1.16E-03 | 6.94E-04 | 1.95E-03*** | 5.81E-04 | 1.92E-03*** | 5.94E-04 | 1.77E-03* | 5.76E-04 |
| Triglycerides | 5.65E-03*** | 4.04E-04 | 5.71E-03*** | 4.19E-04 | 3.99E-03*** | 3.98E-04 | 5.67E-04*** | 1.72E-04 | 5.40E-04** | 1.74E-04 | 2.82E-04 | 1.71E-04 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.014** | 5.10E-03 | 0.025*** | 7.72E-03 | −2.29E-03 | 7.42E-03 | 0.030*** | 5.01E-03 | 0.030*** | 5.03E-03 | 0.016*** | 5.04E-03 |
| Current smoking status | ||||||||||||
| Non-smoker | Reference | Reference | ||||||||||
| Smoker | −0.093 | 0.058 | 0.290*** | 0.058 | ||||||||
| Alcohol consumption (SD) | −0.010 | 0.061 | −0.057 | 6.15E-02 | ||||||||
| BMI | 0.096*** | 4.26E-03 | 0.058*** | 4.42E-03 | ||||||||
| Time-fixed correlates | ||||||||||||
| Age | −0.014 | 8.14E-03 | −0.011 | 8.46E-03 | −0.013 | 7.47E-03 | 2.00E-03 | 7.76E-03 | 1.26E-03 | 8.11E-03 | 4.9E-05 | 7.48E-03 |
| Education | ||||||||||||
| High school graduate or less | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| Some college or more | −0.029 | 0.070 | 0.020 | 0.088 | 0.032 | 0.079 | −0.082 | 0.062 | −0.076 | 0.073 | 0.032 | 0.070 |
| Social desirability | 3.50E-03 | 8.35E-03 | 5.48E-03 | 7.36E-03 | −1.35E-03 | 7.70E-03 | 0.01609 | 5.04E-03 | ||||
| Personal control/mastery | −1.36E-03 | 7.04E-03 | 3.51E-04 | 6.23E-03 | −0.018** | 6.82E-03 | 1.71E-03 | 7.13E-03** | ||||
p < 0.05,
p < 0.01,
p < 0.001
Note: Model 1 includes experiences of discrimination (for Year 20 the last value was carried forward); time from Year 7; systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol; triglycerides; HOMA-IR; age; education; and center. Model 2 includes all the variables in Model 1, as well as social desirability; and personal control. Model 3 includes all the variables in Model 2, as well as current smoking status; alcohol consumption; and BMI.
404 observations are excluded because of missing values
539 observations are excluded because of missing values
598 observations are excluded because of missing values
267 observations are excluded because of missing values
385 observations are excluded because of missing values
413 observations are excluded because of missing values