Fig. 1.

Cheyne-Stokes breathing. A crescendo-decrescendo pattern of breathing with cessations in air flow in the absence of respiratory effort. This breathing pattern is typically associated with desaturations and re-oxygenation (which may contribute to oxidative stress), arousals from sleep (often characterized by paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea), and bursts of tachycardia (probably from catecholamine surges). (From Reference 1 with permission.)