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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Aug 13.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2010 Aug;10(4):473–481. doi: 10.1016/j.coph.2010.03.003

Figure 1. Regulation of the inflammatory and autoimmune responses by neuropeptides.

Figure 1

Grey boxes depict the mechanisms involved on the inhibition of inflammation and autoimmunity by neuropeptides. Black arrow, stimulation. Back-crossed line, inhibition. ▲, increase; ▼, decrease. Treg, regulatory T cells; Tr-1, type 1 Treg; DC, dendritic cells; MΦ, macrophages; NO, nitric oxide; PGE2, prostaglandin E2; PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; HMGB1, high-mobility group box-1; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; IL-1Ra, IL-1 receptor antagonist.