Table 4.
General health and other variables
| Variable | Frequency (%) |
|---|---|
| Smoking status | |
| Never smoked | 44/115 (38.3) |
| Used to smoke | 45/115 (39.1) |
| Current smoker | 26/115 (22.6) |
| BMIa | |
| Normal | 30/115 (26.1) |
| Overweight | 44/115 (38.3) |
| Grade 1 obesity | 26/115 (22.6) |
| Grade 2 obesity | 8/115 (7.0) |
| Grade 3 obesity | 7/115 (6.1) |
| Other health | |
| Other bone or joint problems | 72/115 (62.6) |
| Headaches | 42/115 (36.5) |
| Stomach or digestive problems | 29/115 (25.2) |
| Lung or breathing problems | 16/115 (13.9) |
| Hypertension | 14/115 (12.2) |
| Heart problems | 12/115 (10.4) |
| Diabetes | 9/115 (7.8) |
| Other | 18/115 (15.7) |
| Number of other health problems | |
| 0 | 12/115 (10.4) |
| 1 | 36/115 (31.3) |
| 2 | 42/115 (36.5) |
| 3 or more | 25/115 (21.7) |
| DRAM | |
| Normal | 37/115 (32.2) |
| At risk | 58/115 (50.4) |
| Distressed, somatic | 8/115 (7.0) |
| Distressed, depressive | 12/115 (10.4) |
| ODI | |
| Mnimal (0–20) | 16/115 (13.9) |
| Moderate (21–40) | 60/115 (52.2) |
| Severe (41–60) | 31/115 (27.0) |
| Extreme disabilityb (61–80) | 8/115 (7.0) |
Notes:
a
BMI: normal 18.5–24.9, overweight 25–29.9, Grade 1 obesity 30–34.9, Grade 2 obesity 35–39.9, Grade 3 obesity ≥ 40;50
b
there were no participants in the 80–100 category.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DRAM, Distress and Risk Assessment Method; ODI, Oswestry Disability Index.