Table 1.
Articaine versus other short-acting local anesthetics for spinal anesthesia
| Kaukinen9 | Timmerman41 | Förster43 | Hendriks42 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1978 | 2007 | 2010 | 2008 |
| Surgery | Urology | Ambulatory surgery | Knee arthroscopy | Knee arthroscopy |
| Number of patients | 60 | 40 | 39 | 36 |
| Solution | 5% in glucose 10% | 5% in glucose 10% | 2% plain | 2% plain |
| Mg articaine | 68.8 ± 1.5 (1.25 mg/kg, 100 mg maximum) | 80 | 60 | 50 |
| Standard opioid administration | Pethidine 50 mg premedication in all patients | – | – | – |
| Rescue opioid administered (number of patients) | 1 | – | 1 | 0 |
| Assessment of level sensory blockade | Pinprick | Pinprick | Pinprick | Cold sensation |
| Block height, median (range) | T8 (L2–T4) | T7 | T10 (T11–T5) | T10 (L1–T3) |
| Time to two-dermatome regression (median, minutes) | Not assessed | Not assessed | 60 (45–75) | 60 (24–104) |
| Duration of motor block (mean, 95% confidence interval or SD) (minutes) | 90 | 118 (107–129) | 130 (28.4) | 140 (33) |
| Time to spontaneous voiding (mean, 95% confidence interval or SD) (minutes) | Not assessed | 256 (242–270) | 219 (71.6) | 184 (39) |
| TNS (number of patients) | Not assessed | 2 | 0 | 1 |
| Days of follow-up for TNS | 1 | 7 | 1 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; TNS, transient neurologic syndrome.