Initial contact, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−27.4 ±8.5 |
−24.5 ±9.2 |
−25.9 ±8.1 |
−25.2 ±9.1 |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−0.9 ±3.2 |
−1.0±3.9 |
−1.3 ±4.2 |
−2.3 ±5.6 |
Knee internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) |
8.8 ±7.3 |
8.8±6.5 |
7.9±7.8 |
11.9±9.8 |
Hip flexion |
50.3 ±10.5 |
46.5±6.6 |
49.9±8.4 |
42.9±9.6 |
Hip abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−5.0 ±5.2 |
−5.6 ±4.6 |
−5.5 ±4.5 |
−6.4 ±5.8 |
Peak vertical ground reaction force, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−39.1 ±5.1 |
−36.1 ±7.4 |
−38.4 ±5.0 |
−35.7 ±5.6 |
Hip flexion |
50.4 ±11.5 |
46.9 ±7.3 |
50.5 ±9.1 |
42.5±9.5 |
Peak posterior ground reaction force, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−38.3 ±5.7 |
−36.6 ±7.8 |
−38.5 ±5.5 |
−34.9 ±6.7 |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−0.4 ±4.7 |
−1.1 ±5.2 |
−1 8±5.1 |
−2.5 ±6.6 |
Hip flexion |
51.3 ±12.0 |
46.9 ±7.3 |
50.8±9.5 |
43.4±9.9 |
Peak knee flexion, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−55.9 ±7.8 |
−53.3 ±5.6 |
−57.61 ±8.9 |
−51.6 ±10.1 |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−2.4 ±5.9 |
−3.7 ±6.2 |
−5.2 ±5.3 |
−5.6 ±6.4 |
Hip flexion |
44.6 ±12.8 |
40.5 ±7.6 |
45.6±10.4 |
36.8±9.7 |
Hip abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−1.8±4.1 |
−1.9 ±3.7 |
−3.1 ±4.6 |
−4.4±4.7 |
Peak stance, ° |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−4.6±3.9 |
−5.5±5.1 |
−6.1 ±4.9 |
−7.0 ±5.9 |
Hip flexion |
53.3 ±11.9 |
49.1 ±6.7 |
53.3±10.0 |
45.6±9.8 |