Initial contact, ° |
Knee flexion(−)/extension(+) |
−25.9 ±8.9 |
−25.6 ±8.6 |
−26.6 ±8.3 |
−24.9 ±9.2 |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−0.96 ±3.5 |
−1.8 ±4.9 |
−1.1 ±3.7 |
−1.7±4.7 |
Hip flexion |
48.4±8.6 |
46.4±9.0 |
50.1 ±9.5 |
44.7±8.1 |
Hip abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−5.3 ±4.9 |
−5.9±5.1 |
−5.2 ±4.9 |
−6.0 ±5.2 |
Knee internal rotation (+)/external rotation (−) |
8.8 ±6.9 |
9.9±8.8 |
8.4±7.5 |
10.3 ±8.2 |
Peak vertical ground reaction force, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−37.6 ±6.3 |
−37.0 ±5.3 |
−38.8 ±5.0 |
−35.9 ±6.5 |
Hip flexion |
48.7±9.4 |
46.5±9.3 |
50.4±10.3 |
44.7±8.4 |
Peak posterior ground reaction force, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−37.5 ±6.7 |
−36.7 ±6.1 |
−38.4 ±5.6 |
−35.8 ±7.2 |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
Hip flexion |
49.1 ±9.7 |
47.1 ±9.7 |
51.1 +10.8 |
45.2±8.6 |
Peak knee flexion, ° |
Knee flexion (−)/extension (+) |
−54.6 ±6.7 |
−54.6 ±9.5 |
−56.8 ±8.3 |
−52.5 ±7.9 |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−3.0 ±6.0 |
−5.4 ±5.8 |
−3.8 ±5.6 |
−4.7±6.3 |
Hip flexion |
42.6 ±10.2 |
41.2 + 10.1 |
45.1 ±11.6 |
38.7±8.7 |
Hip abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−1.8 ±3.9 |
−3.8 ±4.6 |
−2.4 ±4.4 |
−3.1 ±4.2 |
Peak stance, ° |
Knee abduction (−)/adduction (+) |
−5.0 ±4.5 |
−6.5 ±5.4 |
−3.8 ±4.4 |
−4.7±5.5 |
Hip flexion |
51.2±9.3 |
49.5±9.9 |
53.3±11.0 |
47.3±8.2 |