. 2012 Mar-Apr;47(2):149–158. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-47.2.149

Table 3.

Comparison of Variables Related to History and Sport Participation Between Swimmers With and Without Shoulder Pain, Dissatisfaction, and Disability

	Age Group
	8–11 y	12–14 y	15–19 y	Master
	P	P	P	χ₁²	P	χ₁²
Participation in additional organized sport steams	.03^a	.66^a	.51	0.44	NA	NA
Participation in specific sport or activity differing between groups	.04^a,b	NA	.03^c	4.93	.01^a,d	NA
Swim paddle use	>.99^a,e	>.99^a,e	.44	0.59	>.99^a,e	NA
Unilateral versus bilateral breathing pattern	.03^a	>.99^a,e	.10	2.76	.18	1.83
History of shoulder trauma	.21^a	.09^a	.04^f	NA	.04^f	NA
Feeling of shoulder instability	>.99^a,e	.03^a	.02^a	NA	.11^a	NA

Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.

^aIndicates Fisher exact 2-sided test.

^bIndicates soccer.

^cIndicates water polo.

^dIndicates running or walking program.

^eIndicates that the groups compared had exactly the same frequency of condition.

^fIndicates Fisher exact 1-sided test.