Table 3.
Meta-analysis of primary and secondary outcomes of group-based diabetes self-management education programme with comparison for intervention (Int) and control (contr) groups and the heterogeneity (measured by I2) of the analyses
| Analysis number / Outcome | Effect measure | N studies | N participants (Int/contr) | Difference (95%CI) | P-valueA | Hetero-geneity (I2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3.1 Glycated haemoglobin (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
13 |
977/850 |
-0.44 (-0.69 to -0.19) |
0.001 |
55.8 |
| 3.2 Glycated haemoglobin (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
11 |
750/753 |
-0.46 (-0.74 to -0.18) |
0.001 |
64.6 |
| 3.3 Glycated haemoglobin (2 years) |
Mean Diff |
3 |
199/198 |
-0.87 (-1.25 to -0.49) |
0.000 |
0.0 |
| 3.4 Fasting blood glucose (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
3 |
206/195 |
-0.73 (-2.22 to 0.76) |
0.336 |
68.1 |
| 3.5 Fasting blood glucose (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
5 |
344/346 |
-1.26 (-1.69 to -0.83) |
0.000 |
0.0 |
| 3.6 Diabetes knowledge (6 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
6 |
390/378 |
0.69 (0.43 to 0.96) |
0.000 |
63.5 |
| 3.7 Diabetes knowledge (12 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
5 |
477/478 |
0.85 (0.48 to 1.22) |
0.000 |
85.5 |
| 3.8 Self management skills (6 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
4 |
295/239 |
0.55 (0.11 to 0.99) |
0.015 |
79.1 |
| 3.9 Quality of life (6 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
3 |
242/231 |
0.31 (-0.15 to 0.78) |
0.186 |
77.1 |
| 3.10 Self efficacy/Empowerment (6 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
2 |
167/159 |
0.28 (0.06 to 0.50) |
0.012 |
0.0 |
| 3.11 Weight (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
3 |
216/217 |
-2.08 (-5.55 to 1.39) |
0.239 |
48.2 |
| 3.12 Body Mass Index (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
7 |
633/526 |
-0.21 (-0.86 to 0.43) |
0.514 |
0.0 |
| 3.13 Weight (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
4 |
247/245 |
-1.66 (-3.07 to -0.25) |
0.021 |
0.0 |
| 3.14 Body Mass Index (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
7 |
538/554 |
-0.22 (-1.13 to 0.69) |
0.634 |
62.2 |
| 3.15 Systolic blood pressure (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
5 |
454/360 |
-0.34 (-5.19 to 4.51) |
0.891 |
67.9 |
| 3.16 Diastolic blood pressure (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
5 |
454/360 |
-0.46 (-2.31 to 1.39) |
0.627 |
26.6 |
| 3.17 Systolic blood pressure (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
2 |
168/159 |
-2.61 (-6.74 to 1.52) |
0.216 |
0.0 |
| 3.18 Total cholesterol (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
7 |
632/529 |
-0.04 (-0.17 to 0.10) |
0.605 |
0.0 |
| 3.19 Triglycerides (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
7 |
632/529 |
-0.16 (-0.35 to 0.03) |
0.104 |
0.0 |
| 3.20 Total cholesterol (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
4 |
324/332 |
0.07 (-0.09 to 0.24) |
0.377 |
0.0 |
| 3.21 Triglycerides (12 months) |
Mean Diff |
4 |
325/332 |
0.03 (-0.42 to 0.48) |
0.883 |
79.7 |
| 3.22 High density lipoprotein (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
6 |
515/417 |
0.02 (-0.05 to 0.08) |
0.623 |
0.0 |
| 3.23 Low density lipoprotein (6 months) |
Mean Diff |
6 |
515/417 |
-0.05 (-0.20 to 0.10) |
0.528 |
0.0 |
| 3.24 Treatment satisfaction (6 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
2 |
205/185 |
0.65 (0.44 to 0.85) |
0.000 |
0.0 |
| 3.25 Treatment satisfaction (12 months) |
Std Mean Diff |
3 |
247/237 |
0.39 (0.21 to 0.57) |
0.000 |
0.0 |
| 3.26 Death | Odds Ratio | 4 | 351/349 | 1.10 (0.37 to 3.29) | 0.867 | 3.2 |
A. The P- value is calculated for the difference between the intervention and control group.