Figure 5. Localization and activation of PKR in IAVÄNS1-induced avSGs.

(A) HeLa cells were mock-treated or infected with IAVÄNS1 for 9 h or treated with NaAsO₂ for 1 h. Cells were fixed and stained with anti-RIG-I and anti-PKR antibodies (% of colocalization: 95.1% and 97.0% in IAVÄNS1-infected and NaAsO₂-treated cells, respectively). The zoomed images correspond to the boxed regions. (B) HeLa cells were mock-treated or infected with IAV or IAVÄNS1 for 9 h and stained with anti-phospho-eIF2á (Ser 51) (p-eIF2á) and G3BP (% colocalization: 0.0% and 46.5% in IAV and IAVÄNS1-infected cells, respectively). The zoomed images correspond to the boxed regions. (C) HeLa cells were infected with IAV or IAVÄNS1 for 12 h or treated with NaAsO₂ for 1 h. Cell extracts were prepared and subjected to SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotted using antibodies against RIG-I, PKR, phosphorylated PKR (Thr 446) (p-PKR), phosphorylated eIF2á (Ser 51) (p-eIF2á), IAV NP, and â-actin.