Table 2.

Long-term CTR outcomes literature

Study	Follow-up (range)	Surgical type	Validated metric	Comments	Measure of success	Recurrence
Atroshi et al. (2009)	5 years	ECTR and OCTR	Levine–Katz	Prospective randomized	LK symptom score changes: −1.66 (OCTR) and −1.7 (ECTR)	15 % (19/126) recurrence
Cellocco et al. (2005)	2.5 years (24–42 months)	ECTR and OCTR	Levine–Katz	Prospective randomized	LK symptom score changes: −2.27 (OCTR) and −2.56 (ECTR)	4 % (8/185) recurrence
Cresswell et al. (2008)	7 years	OCTR and Indiana Tome	Levine–Katz	Prospective randomized	LK symptom score changes: −0.57 (OCTR) and −0.16 (ECTR)	OCTR: 11 % (5 reoperations, 2 ongoing symptoms); ECTR: 30 % (9 reoperations, 7 ongoing symptoms)
Erhard et al. (1999)	4.5 years (32–63 month)	ECTR	No	Prospective	72 % were symptom-free, 94 % had normal function	9 % (8/95) recurrence
Finestone et al. (1996)	(5–11 years)	OCTR	No	Retrospective with EMG/NCV	78 % had 75 % relief; 100 % had abnormal postop EMG	Not reported
Hankins et al. (2007)	10 years	ECTR and OCTR	No	Retrospective	Not reported for >10 years group	3.7 % (81/2,163) reoperationa
Haupt et al. (1993)	5.5 years (2–11 years)	OCTR	No	Prospective with EMG/NCV	86 % positive result; 26 % optimum result	7 % recurrence (fraction not reported)
Katz et al. (1998)	2.5 years	OCTR	Levine–Katz	Prospective	LK symptom score change: −1.2 to −1.6	Not reported
Kouyoumdjian et al. (2003)	5.9 years	OCTR	No	Retrospective	77.6 % “cured,” 13.6 % “much better”	Not reported
Kulick et al. (1986)	4 years (2–6 years)	OCTR	No	Retrospective	81 % “success rate”	4.6 % (6/130) recurrence
Nancollas et al. (1995)	5.5 years	OCTR	No	Retrospective	87 % “good” or “excellent”	57 % recurrence (fraction not reported)
Pensy et al. (2010)	6 years	OCTR	Levine–Katz	Prospective	LK symptom score change: approximately −1.3	Not reported
Semple et al. (1969)	3.3 years (2–7 years)	OCTR	No	Retrospective	75 % were symptom-free	Not reported

^aNon-workers compensation group treated with ECTR