Table 2.
Descriptive characteristics for older male living in Latin America and the Caribbean by waist circumference (WC) (N=2138)
| Variables | Bridgetown N= 393 n (%) | Sao Paulo N=517 n (%) | Santiago N=281 n (%) | Havana N=355 n (%) | Mexico City N=264 n (%) | Montevideo N=328 n (%) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | Low | High | |
| Total | 343 (87.5) | 50 (12.5)* | 382 (75.0) | 135 (25.0)* | 192 (67.5) | 89 (32.5)* | 302 (84.8) | 53 (15.2)* | 197 (74.2) | 67 (25.8)* | 242 (73.4) | 86 (26.6)* |
| Age (years), Mean (SE) | 74.1 (0.4) | 73.0 (0.8) | 72.5 (0.5) | 72.0 (0.9) | 73.3 (0.7) | 72.4 (0.6) | 73.8 (0.4) | 72.4 (0.8) | 72.5 (0.4) | 72.6 (0.7) | 72.5 (0.4) | 72.9 (0.7) |
| Education (years), Mean (SE) | 5.1 (0.2) | 6.7 (0.6) | 3.5 (0.3) | 3.8 (0.5) | 7.3 (0.9) | 6.1 (0.7) | 7.2 (0.3) | 7.4 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.4) | 4.8 (0.7) | 6.4 (0.3) | 5.8 (0.2) |
| Married marital status (married) | 183 (52.8) | 28 (56.2) | 288 (80.5) | 97 (74.9) | 131 (75.5) | 61 (77.0) | 179 (59.2) | 37 (72.8) | 143 (73.8) | 46 (71.6) | 171 (71.0) | 57 (68.8) |
| Smoking status | ‡ | |||||||||||
| Never | 149 (43.6) | 20 (40.4) | 104 (24.7) | 38 (29.0) | 73 (37.6) | 38 (40.8) | 79 (24.9) | 16 (31.9) | 56 (26.8) | 21 (30.1) | 65 (25.5) | 18 (22.4) |
| Former | 146 (42.4) | 26 (51.7) | 205 (53.4) | 86 (61.3) | 85 (42.3) | 46 (49.0) | 101 (36.0) | 20 (40.2) | 78 (39.5) | 30 (44.8) | 129 (51.5) | 53 (57.4) |
| Current | 48 (14.0) | 4 (7.9) | 73 (21.9) | 11 (9.7) | 34 (20.1) | 5 (10.3) | 122 (39.1) | 17 (27.9) | 63 (33.7) | 16 (25.1) | 48 (22.0) | 15 (19.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2), Mean (SE) | 25.0 (0.3) | 31.4 (0.9)* | 24.2 (0.2) | 29.4 (0.3)* | 25.4 (0.3)* | 30.7 (0.5) | 23.1 (0.2) | 28.8 (0.5)* | 25.2 (0.2) | 30.9 (0.2)* | 25.8 (0.3) | 27.2 (0.6) |
| BMI (kg/m2) category | * | * | * | * | * | † | ||||||
| 18.5 - <25 | 205 (60.3) | 1 (2.2) | 214 (49.9) | 3 (3.2) | 75 (35.9) | 2 (2.8) | 215 (71.5) | 2 (6.0) | 79 (38.3) | 1 (1.5) | 100 (41.0) | 32 (33.5) |
| 25- <30 | 112 (32.0) | 24 (47.1) | 160 (47.4) | 79 (51.9) | 106 (55.1) | 34 (34.2) | 78 (25.6) | 33 (61.1) | 105 (55.0) | 25 (37.5) | 98 (42.4) | 26 (29.2) |
| ≥30 | 26 (7.7) | 25 (50.7) | 8 (2.7) | 53 (45.0) | 11 (9.0) | 53 (63.0) | 9 (2.9) | 18 (32.8) | 13 (6.7) | 41 (61.0) | 44 (16.6) | 28 (37.3) |
| WC (cm), Mean (SE) | 89.3 (0.4) | 110.8 (1.0)* | 91.9 (0.5) | 101.6 (0.6)* | 93.9 (0.5) | 108.8 (0.7)* | 88.1 (0.5) | 108.5 (0.8)* | 93.1 (0.5) | 108.5(0.7)* | 90.1 (0.6) | 112.7 (1.1)* |
| Any ADL limitation | 30 (8.9) | 7 (14.3) | 61 (12.16) | 40 (22.2) | 33 (14.0) | 18 (27.3) | 38 (11.9) | 14 (26.3) | 38 (18.4) | 14 (20.5) | 17 (7.0) | 15 (15.2) |
| Medical conditions | ||||||||||||
| Arthritis | 118 (34.5) | 20 (40.2) | 78 (21.4) | 44 (29.2) | 24 (10.3) | 19 (23.1) | 126 (40.0) | 25 (48.1) | 30 (15.2) | 12 (17.3) | 78 (33.3) | 30 (34.3) |
| Diabetes | 50 (14.5) | 13 (25.9)‡ | 53 (15.0) | 38 (30.7)† | 25 (11.6) | 12 (11.3) | 23 (7.0) | 8 (13.3) | 48 (23.8) | 16 (24.8) | 26 (10.9) | 14 (20.6) |
| Hypertension | 132 (38.3) | 26 (51.0) | 168 (47.1) | 76 (57.7) | 77 (35.3) | 57 (66.3)‡ | 100 (33.2) | 23 (43.3)† | 63 (32.3) | 22 (35.6) | 86 (33.8) | 42 (47.5) |
| Stroke | 15 (4.6) | 8 (15.7)† | 35 (9.1) | 8 (3.6) | 13 (4.8) | 4 (8.5) | 34 (10.9) | 5 (7.9) | 12 (6.1) | 3 (4.7) | 10 (4.7) | 1 (0.7) |
| Heart attack | 43 (12.4) | 11 (21.5) | 82 (19.0) | 36 (8.6) | 58 (28.8) | 29 (34.7) | 56 (20.5) | 16 (32.4) | 22 (10.9) | 6 (10.0) | 68 (27.9) | 25 (28.1) |
| Cancer | 8 (2.2) | 3 (6.2) | 12 (3.6) | 4 (3.4) | 9 (2.63) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (2.2) | 2 (2.9) | 4 (2.0) | 1 (10) | 14 (5.8) | 3 (3.4) |
Note: Low WC ≤ 88 cm and High WC > 88 cm. Means and Percents were obtained after adjusting for sampling weights and design effects used in SABE study
*
P-value <0.0001
†
p-value < 0.001
‡
p-value < 0.01
ADL = Activities of Daily Living; SABE = Health, Well-Being and Aging in Latin America and the Caribbean; BMI = Body Mass Index
P-values denote differences between subjects with low and high waist circumference for each SABE study