TABLE 2.
Motor Physiology and Motor Function in ADHD vs. typically developing Children
| Typically Developing | ADHD | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Motor Physiology | |||||
| ISP latency (msec) | 40.9 | 6.1 | 45.9 | 6.9 | 0.007 |
| ISP duration (msec) | 10.5 | 6.2 | 9.0 | 7.0 | 0.41 |
| SICI ratio | 0.46 | 0.18 | 0.67 | 0.24 | 0.0007 |
| RMT | 60.9 | 12.5 | 62.2 | 10.4 | 0.61 |
| AMT | 40.0 | 9.9 | 40.8 | 8.2 | 0.47 |
| ICF | 1.05 | 0.17 | 1.16 | 0.18 | 0.02 |
| CSP (msec) | 60.2 | 40.4 | 73.0 | 52.0 | 0.34 |
| Motor Function | |||||
| PANESS Total | 16.6 | 8.6 | 28.6 | 10.1 | 0.0001 |
| Overflow Right | 3.0 | 2.8 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 0.02 |
| Overflow Left | 2.2 | 2.6 | 4.7 | 2.4 | 0.01 |
| Overflow Total | 6.1 | 5.3 | 9.9 | 5.4 | 0.01 |
| Gait and Station | 3.9 | 3.4 | 8.0 | 4.9 | 0.001 |
| Timed Tasks | 12.7 | 6.7 | 20.7 | 8.0 | 0.0003 |
ISP = Ipsilateral Silent Period
SICI = Short interval cortical inhibition; ratio is relative to “1.0,” or no inhibition; so 0.46 indicates 54% relative inhibition and lower ratios indicate more inhibition. Msec = milliseconds
RMT = Resting Motor Threshold
AMT = Active Motor Threshold
ICF = Intracortical Facilitation ratio
CSP = Cortical Silent Period
PANESS = Physical and Neurological Examination for Soft Signs (higher scores indicate more significant delays)