A) Baseline cumulative contact time of orofacial operant tests before surgery (open circles, n = 14 rats), after sham surgery (open squares, n = 7), and after ION-CCI (open triangles, n = 7). B) Baseline total contact numbers before surgery (open bars, n = 14 rats), after sham surgery (gray bars, n = 7), and after ION-CCI (dark bars, n = 7). C) Baseline contact number histogram before surgery (open bars, n = 14 rats), after sham surgery (gray bars, n = 7), and after ION-CCI (dark bars, n = 7). Baseline tests were performed without stimulation module in the drinking window. Data represent Mean ± SEM.