Table 2.

Results from adjusted logistic regression models predicting the effects of social determinants on the cardiovascular clinical risk factors

	Rural	256		Urban	292		Rural vs Urban		548
	Clinical cardiovascular risk factors			Clinical cardiovascular risk factors			Clinical cardiovascular risk factors
Outcome variable	n=120	vs	n=85	n=115	vs	n=141	n=235	vs	n=226
Primary predictors	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value	OR	95% CI	P value
Education
< High school	0.845	0.327, 2.187	0.7286	2.729	0.712, 10.455	0.1429	1.228	0.579, 2.604	0.5927
High school	Referent			Referent			Referent
≥ Some college	0.735	0.368, 1.468	0.3833	1.583	0.718, 3.493	0.2550	0.960	0.579, 1.592	0.8750
Employment
Employed	Referent			Referent			Referent
Unemployed	3.833	1.523, 9.644	0.0043	0.720	0.285, 1.814	0.4856	1.746	0.946, 3.223	0.0749
Income
< 25K	Referent			Referent			Referent
≥ 25k and <50k	0.616	0.294, 1.295	0.2014	1.707	0.644, 4.525	0.2827	0.888	0.497, 1.587	0.6884
≥ 50k	0.859	0.375, 1.966	0.7185	1.609	0.641, 4.040	0.3110	0.972	0.539, 1.754	0.9254
General Stress
Very little or none	10.702	10.340, 11.446	10.3370	10.677	10.335, 11.365	10.2752	10.711	10.433, 11.167	10.1775
	20.774	20.372, 21.615	20.4954	20.686	20.342, 21.376	20.2882	20.737	20.448, 21.211	20.2286
	30.732	30.346, 31.549	30.4153	30.692	30.323, 31.479	30.3421	30.771	30.458, 31.301	30.3303
Some	Referent			Referent			Referent
High or very high	11.158	10.519, 12.586	10.7197	11.973	10.971, 14.010	10.0604	11.525	10.904, 12.573	10.1138
	21.182	20.515, 22.714	20.6935	22.097	21.034, 24.249	20.0400	21.533	20.907, 22.592	20.1107
	31.190	30.516, 32.743	30.6835	32.119	31.010, 34.445	30.0469	31.586	30.920, 32.733	30.0969
Racial discrimination
No	Referent			Referent			Referent
Yes	10.587	10.106, 13.250	10.5422	10.835	10.290, 12.407	10.7389	10.725	10.296, 11.775	10.4815
	20.731	20.131, 24.066	20.7207	20.861	20.300, 22.469	20.7807	20.753	20.310 , 21.828	20.5313
	30.501	30.088, 32.853	30.4362	30.740	30.229, 32.391	30.6145	30.618	30.233, 31.641	30.3345
Stress due to racial discrimination
Low or no stress	Referent			Referent			Referent
Moderate or high	11.909	10.332,110.977	10.4685	11.878	10.622, 15.672	10.2641	11.818	10.721, 14.584	10.2051
	21.387	20.240, 28.007	20.7143	21.701	20.570,25.075	20.3410	21.729	20.692, 24.317	20.2409
	31.897	30.320, 11.235	30.4803	31.757	30.518, 35.962	30.3661	31.975	30.723, 35.392	30.1843
Covariates
Age (per 1 year	11.053	11.030, 11.076	1<.0001	11.054	11.034, 11.074	1<.0001	11.052	11.037, 11.067	1<.0001
increase)	21.055	21.033, 21.078	2<.0001	21.053	21.033, 21.073	2<.0001	21.054	21.040, 21.069	2<.0001
	31.054	31.031, 31.078	3<.0001	31.058	31.036, 31.080	3<.0001	31.055	31.039, 31.071	3<.0001
	11.090	10.470, 12.527	10.8404	12.443	1.153, 15.178	10.0197	11.647	10.950, 12.855	10.0756
Race (Black vs White)
	20.997	20.430, 22.312	20.9952	22.484	21.2 16, 25.07 7	20.0126	21.592	20.942, 22.691	20.0825
	31.397	30.592, 33.295	30.4455	33.127	31.322, 37.397	30.0094	31.939	31.077, 33.491	30.0272
Location(Rural vs Urban)							11.826	11.170, 12.849	10.0080
							21.804	21.186, 22.743	20.0058
							31.977	31.231, 33.174	30.0048

Level of significance was established as a two-tailed P value of <0.05.

The clinical cardiovascular risk factors included “yes” vs “no” responses to the query of hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol, and body mass index equal or more than 25, with less than two clinical risk factors as the referent group. OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Education, Employment, and Income were run in separate models to avoid co-linearity.

¹Model with Education

²Model with Employment

³Model with Income.