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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2013 May 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2012 Apr 26;23(5):447–454. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2012.02332.x

Figure 3. Mapping Reveals Spiral Wave during AF in the Human Left Atrium.

Figure 3

A. Raw electrograms used to create maps and movies. Unipolar electrograms (locations indicated by circles on grid) are used to construct an isopotential snapshot at any time point T (indicated by vertical green line). Monophasic action potentials (MAP) indicate repolarization and are used to calibrate unipolar electrograms. These isopotential maps are created successively for multiple time points T to create movies (see Supplemental movie). B. Isochronal snapshot of a LA rotor during one cycle of AF, created from activation times determined when each unipolar electrogram crosses a voltage threshold.