Table 1. Clinical characteristics of patients with congestive heart failure.
| Variables | Value |
| Age (year), n = 553 | 63.26 ± 14.49 |
| Female, n = 553 | 223 (40.33%) |
| BMI, n = 553 | 24.93 ± 3.62 |
| MI | 123 (22.24%) |
| AF | 174 (31.46%) |
| DM | 116 (20.98%) |
| Etiology of heart failure | |
| IHD | 248 (44.85%) |
| IDC | 93 (16.82%) |
| VHD | 110 (19.89%) |
| HTN | 94 (17.00%) |
| Others | 8 (1.45) |
| NYHA functional class | |
| I | 47 (8.50%) |
| II | 118 (21.34%) |
| III | 170 (30.74%) |
| IV | 218 (39.42%) |
| LVEF (%), n = 451 | 45.28 ± 16.33 |
| Laboratory test | |
| SUA (µmol/L), n = 553 | 420.31 ± 162.23 |
| SCr (µmol/L), n = 553 | 92.95 ± 28.28 |
| BUN (mmol/L), n = 553 | 7.31 ± 4.69 |
| FG (mmol/L), n = 498 | 6.32 ± 3.34 |
| TCL (mmol/L), n = 541 | 4.20 ± 1.26 |
| TG (mmol/L), n = 541 | 1.34 ± 0.93 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L), n = 541 | 2.53 ± 1.03 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L), n = 541 | 1.07 ± 0.49 |
| Neutrophils (109/L), n = 553 | 5.42 ± 3.47 |
| Monocytes (109/L), n = 553 | 0.60 ± 1.34 |
| Medication | |
| Furosemide | 299 (54.07%) |
| HCTZ | 298 (53.88%) |
| Spironolactone | 457 (82.64%) |
| Digitalis | 230 (41.59%) |
| ACE I | 357 (64.56%) |
| ARB | 74 (13.38%) |
| CCB | 114 (20.61%) |
| β-blocker | 339 (61.30%) |
| Warfarin | 112 (20.25%) |
| Statin | 205 (37.07%) |
Data are expressed as mean ± SD. ACE I: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; AF: atrial fibrillation/flutter; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blockers; BMI: body mass index; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; MI: myocardial infarction; CCB: calcium channel blocker; CHL: total cholesterol; DM: diabetes mellitus; FG: fasting glucose; HCTZ: hydrochlorothiazide; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IDC: idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy; IHD: ischemic heart disease; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; NYHA: New York Heart Association; SCr: serum creatinine; SUA: serum uric acid; TCL: total cholesterol level, TG: triglyceride; VHD: valvular heart disease.