Table 3. Comparisons of TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3 and Smad7 expressions in tunica media of carotid arteries of rats in each group (mean ± SD, n = 6).

Grouping	TGF-β1 (MOD)	p-Smad2/3	Smad7 (MOD)
Sham-operated	0.0001 ± 0.00006	0.0658 ± 0.02117	0.0121 ± 0.00302
Model	0.0040 ± 0.00259a	0.3721 ± 0.05947b	0.0013 ± 0.00116b
Amlodipine	0.0011 ± 0.00034c	0.1987 ± 0.02294d	0.0035 ± 0.00035c
Enalapril	0.0005 ± 0.00033c	0.1400 ± 0.01556d	0.0045 ± 0.00161d
Combination	0.0004 ± 0.00008e,f	0.0846 ± 0.06438e,g	0.0046 ± 0.00058e,g

TGF-β1: transforming growth factor -β1, p-Smad2/3: phosphorylated Smad2/3. ^aP < 0.05, ^bP < 0.01 vs. sham-operated group; ^cP < 0.05, ^dP < 0.01 vs. model group; ^eP > 0.05 vs. Enalapril group; ^fP < 0.05, ^gP < 0.01 vs. Amlodipine group. MOD: mean optical density; TGF-β: transforming growth factor-β1; RHR: renovascular hypertensive rat.