Table 1.
Participants' Demographics, Running Habits, Race Distances, and Predicted Finishing Times (N = 276)
| Item | Groupa |
|||
| Low | Mod | High | Total | |
| Age, y (mean ± SD) | 35.8 ± 10.5b | 38.9 ± 12.0 | 40.2 ± 11.3 | 38.3 ± 11.3 |
| Men/women, No. | 31/61 | 51/41 | 64/28 | 146/130 |
| Aerobic exercise sessions/wk (mean ± SD) | 4.0 ± 1.2bc | 4.7 ± 1.5b | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 4.9 ± 1.9 |
| Exercise sessions/wk lasting longer than 1 h (mean ± SD) | 2.7 ± 1.6b | 3.0 ± 1.6b | 4.4 ± 2.3 | 3.4 ± 2.0 |
| Running miles/wk (mean ± SD) | 13.2 ± 4.9bc | 22.9 ± 3.5b | 39.5 ± 11.1 | 25.2 ± 13.1 |
| Frequently train in hot or warm environment, % | 80.0 | 90.9 | 90.1 | 83.8 |
| Running half-marathon distance or longer, y (mean ± SD) | 2.9 ± 4.7bc | 5.3 ± 5.7b | 7.5 ± 6.8 | 5.2 ± 6.1 |
| Running competitions of half-marathon distance or longer completed in last 24 mo (mean ± SD) | 2.1 ± 2.6b | 3.5 ± 4.1b | 8.8 ± 10.2 | 4.8 ± 7.1 |
| Training under the supervision of a coach or medical staff, % | 15 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Registered race distance, half-marathon/full marathon | 71/21 | 58/34 | 29/63 | 158/118 |
| Predicted finishing time, h (half-marathon/full marathon)d | ||||
| <1.5/<3.0 | 0 | 0 | 8 | 8 |
| 1.5–1.75/3–3.5 | 1 | 6 | 25 | 32 |
| 1.75–2.0/3.5–4.0 | 11 | 21 | 20 | 52 |
| 2–2.25/4–4.5 | 26 | 40 | 21 | 87 |
| 2.25–2.5/4.5–5.0 | 25 | 17 | 9 | 51 |
| >2.5/>5.0 | 29 | 8 | 9 | 46 |
| Regularly drink sport beverages in exercise environments (0, never; 100, always) | 42 ± 35b | 39 ± 32b | 58 ± 31 | 46 ± 34 |
a Low, Mod, and High are tertile classifications based on training volume, expected performance, and running experience.
b Different from High (P < .001).
c Different from Mod (P < .001).
d Low different from Mod and High (P < .0001) and Mod different from High (P < .001).