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. 2012 Jun 19;3(5):661–673. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1126

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Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

This article is being made freely available through PubMed Central as part of the COVID-19 public health emergency response. It can be used for unrestricted research re-use and analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source, for the duration of the public health emergency.

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−1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting (−1 PRF) signals promote mRNA destabilization through the nonsense‐mediated decay (NMD) and the no‐go decay (NGD) pathways. Middle: an elongating ribosome encounters a −1 PRF signal. Top: the mRNA pseudoknot induced ribosome pause results in activation of the NGD pathway, releasing the ribosome and promoting degradation of the mRNA. Bottom: a −1 PRF event directs an elongating ribosome to a premature termination codon (PTC), activating the NMD pathway, resulting in ribosome release and mRNA degradation.