Table 1.
Frequency of Chronic Diseases and Bivariate Hazard Ratios for Death in the MCBS Cohort (N = 22890)a
| Diseaseb | Present at Baseline |
Onset after Baseline |
Hazard Ratio c |
|---|---|---|---|
| Chronic Diseases | n (%) | n (%) | (95%CI) |
| Malignancy/Cancer | |||
| Lung | 238 (1.0) | 172 (0.8) | 7.5 (6.2–9.0) |
| Liver, pancreas | 68 (0.3) | 60 (0.3) | 7.2 (5.5–9.5) |
| Bone, connective tissue | 75 (0.3) | 64 (0.3) | 4.3 (3.0–6.1) |
| Head, neck | 160 (0.7) | 85 (0.3) | 3.0 (2.3–3.8) |
| Lymphoma | 164 (0.7) | 69 (0.3) | 2.9 (2.2–3.8) |
| Leukemia | 111 (0.5) | 55 (0.2) | 2.4 (1.7–3.5) |
| Colorectal | 393 (1.6) | 174 (0.7) | 2.2 (1.8–2.6) |
| Renal | 84 (0.4) | 39 (0.2) | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) |
| Bladder | 226 (0.9) | 75 (0.3) | 1.9 (1.4–2.6) |
| Prostate | 993 (4.2) | 248 (1.1) | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) |
| Breast | 581 (2.6) | 161 (0.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) |
| Circulatory/Cardiovascular | |||
| Heart failure | 3416 (13.2) | 1596 (6.4) | 5.1 (4.7–5.5) |
| Peri-, endo-, myocarditis | 964 (4.0) | 615 (2.6) | 3.0 (2.6–3.3) |
| Pulmonary heart disease | 565 (2.3) | 475 (2.0) | 3.0 (2.7–3.4) |
| Cardiac dysrhythmias | 5246 (21.4) | 2227 (9.6) | 2.9 (2.7–3.2) |
| Peripheral, visceral | 3912 (15.7) | 2005 (8.6) | 2.3 (2.1–2.6) |
| Coronary atherosclerosis | 6262 (25.9) | 1805 (7.8) | 2.1 (1.9–2.2) |
| Cerebrovascular | 2989 (12.0) | 1712 (7.2) | 2.1 (1.9–2.3) |
| Heart valve disorders | 3114 (13.0) | 1817 (7.8) | 2.0 (1.8–2.2) |
| Other heart disease | 1335 (5.5) | 807 (3.4) | 1.9 (1·7–2·2) |
| Conduction disorders | 928 (3.7) | 664 (2.7) | 2.0 (1.7–2.2) |
| Hypertension | 14369 (61.0) | 2190 (9.7) | 1.3 (1.2–1.4) |
| Respiratory/Lung | |||
| Interstitial, other lung disease | 1835 (7.6) | 1400 (5.9) | 3.6 (3.3–3.9) |
| COPD | 3688 (15.3) | 1496 (6.3) | 2.9 (2.7–3.1) |
| Asthma | 1381 (6.1) | 625 (2.8) | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) |
| Digestive/Gastrointestinal | |||
| Hepatitis, liver | 1415 (6.3) | 1016 (4.6) | 2.1 (1.8–2.3) |
| Biliary tract | 640 (2.7) | 557 (2.4) | 1.9 (1.6–2.2) |
| UGI disorders | 4498 (18.7) | 2669 (11.4) | 2.6 (2.4–2.9) |
| Abdominal hernia | 1385 (5.9) | 980 (4.3) | 1.3 (1.1–1.4) |
| Genitourinary/Endocrine | |||
| Nephritis, chronic renal failure | 974 (3.8) | 658 (2.6) | 3.3 (2.9–3.6) |
| Diabetes | 5680 (24.3) | 1192 (5.2) | 1.4 (1.3–1.5) |
| Hematologic | |||
| Deficiency, other anemias | 5101 (20.5) | 2132 (9.0) | 3.0 (2.7–3.4) |
| Coagulation, hemorrhagic disorders | 1015 (4.2) | 695 (3.0) | 2.8 (2.4–3.2) |
| Connective tissue | |||
| Other CTDs | 7458 (31.3) | 3009 (13.2) | 1.4 (1.3–1.6) |
| RA, Lupus | 907 (4.0) | 356 (1.6) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
| Neurologic | |||
| Epilepsy | 605 (2·.) | 304 (1.3) | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) |
| Parkinson disease | 446 (1.7) | 143 (0.5) | 2.4 (2.0–3.0) |
| MS, degenerative CNS disorders | 1187 (4.8) | 846 (3.5) | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) |
| Other nervous system disorders | 3852 (16.0) | 2062 (8.8) | 1.8 (1.7–2.0) |
| Psychiatric/Cognitive | |||
| Dementia | 1907 (6.4) | 579 (2.3) | 4.1 (3.7–4.6) |
| Schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders | 816 (3.0) | 481 (1.8) | 4.1 (3.6–4.7) |
| Alcohol, substance abuse | 239 (1.0) | 153 (0.7) | 2.4 (1.9–3.1) |
| Mood disorders, depression | 2359 (9.5) | 950 (4.0) | 2.1 (2.0–2.4) |
| Anxiety disorders | 1332 (5.6) | 751 (3.3) | 1.5 (1.4–1.8) |
Abbreviations: MCBS, Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; CTD, connective tissue diseases; CNS, central nervous system; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; GI, gastrointestinal; MS, multiple sclerosis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis
Analyses included participants from 2002–2006. Numbers are unweighted; the percentages and incidence rates are weighted. Chronic diseases with a weighted prevalence (present at baseline) plus cumulative incidence (onset after baseline) of ≥ 1% for which the hazard ratio was >1 and the 95% CI excluded 1 are included in the Table.
Other chronic diseases with hazard ratio >1 but prevalence of less than 1% included UGI cancer, brain cancer, and multiple myeloma.
Hazard Ratio is for the overall occurrence of the disease (i.e. present at baseline plus onset after baseline).