Table 2.
Frequency of Diseases and Bivariate Hazard Ratios for Death in the MCBS Cohort (N = 22890)a
| Acute Diseases and Eventsb | No. Events (No. persons) |
Incidence rate (per 1000 person years) |
Hazard ratio (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Infections | |||
| Septicemia | 1083 (859) | 30.1 | 13.8 (12.2–15.6) |
| Pneumonia, Influenza | 3690 (2711) | 105.7 | 8.1 (7.3–9.1) |
| Bacterial infection | 1343 (1009) | 38.7 | 4.8 (3.9–5.9) |
| STI | 67 (65) | 2.2 | 3.1 (0.8–11.9) |
| Other infection | 331 (246) | 9.8 | 2.8 (1.7–4.5) |
| Meningitis, encephalitis, CNS infection | 118 (93) | 3.7 | 2.6 (1.1–6.4) |
| Infective arthritis, osteomyelitis | 383 (272) | 12.2 | 2.4 (1.6–3.8) |
| Acute hemorrhage | 762 (590) | 23.0 | 4.0 (3.0–5.3) |
| Circulatory / Cardiovascular | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 1161 (901) | 34.2 | 8.3 (7.1–9.8) |
| Gangrene | 221 (167) | 6.6 | 6.1 (4.1–9.0) |
| Acute stroke | 3066 (2084) | 87.4 | 5.4 (4.8–6.1) |
| Syncope | 1798 (1682) | 53.0 | 3.6 (2.8–4.8) |
| Thromboembolism | 1243 (908) | 37.4 | 3.2 (2.5–4.1) |
| Digestive/Gastrointestinal | |||
| Intestinal infection, Gastroenteritis | 1549 (1182) | 47.0 | 2.4 (1.8–3.0) |
| Intestinal obstruction, abscess, peritonitis | 936 (741) | 28.1 | 6.9 (5.6–8.4) |
| G.I. hemorrhage | 2752 (2054) | 84.4 | 3.2 (2.7–3.7) |
| Genitourinary | |||
| Acute kidney injury | 1778 (1275) | 51.2 | 9.4 (8.2–10.7) |
| Urinary tract infections | 7472 (4853) | 223.0 | 2.6 (2.3–2.9) |
| Unintentional injuries | |||
| Hip fracture | 707 (517) | 19.2 | 5.3 (4.2–6.6) |
| Traumatic head injury | 512 (391) | 14.8 | 5.2 (3.8–7.2) |
| Other injury | 6097 (4276) | 180.6 | 3.6 (3.1–4.0) |
| Fall | 1911 (1439) | 54.2 | 3.1 (2.5–3.8) |
| Complications of medical or surgical care | 4215 (2924) | 131.7 | 3.0 (2.6–3.5) |
| MVA | 132 (107) | 4.3 | 2.3 (1.0–5.2) |
| Fractures other than hip | 2428 (1788) | 71.1 | 2.2 (1.8–2.7) |
Abbreviations: MCBS, Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence intervals; MVA, Motor vehicle accident; STI, sexually transmitted infection; UGI, upper gastrointestinal
Analyses included participants from 2002–2006. Numbers are unweighted; the percentages and incidence rates are weighted. Acute diseases and events are only counted once regardless of number of claims until there has been at least 9 months between claims at which time another episode of the acute disease is recorded (see Methods). All acute diseases and events for which the hazard ratio was >1 and the 95% CI excluded 1 are included in the Table.
The only acute event with hazard ratio >1 but prevalence of less than 1% was spinal cord injury.