Table 3.
Average Dietary Intake of Energy, Macro-Nutrients, and Micro-Nutrients in Subjects with Thalassemia Separated by Age Group 1
| Total | Young Children | Older Children & Adolescents |
Adults | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of Subjects | 221 | 30 | 83 | 108 |
| Energy Intake & Requirements | ||||
| Total kilo-calories | 1813 ± 908 | 1852 ± 853 | 1752 ± 813 | 1850 ± 996 |
| Estimated Energy Requirement (kcal/d) | 1749 ± 439 | 1203 ± 110 | 1580 ± 346 | 2008 ± 360 |
| %Estimated Energy Requirement 2 | 116.9 ± 91.7% | 163.4 ± 79.1% | 114.8 ± 52.9% | 106.9 ± 111.9% |
| Macro-Nutrients | ||||
| Protein, grams | 70.7 ± 38.6 | 66 ± 30.3 | 66.7 ± 33.6 | 75.2 ± 43.8 |
| Protein, % of kcal | 15.7 ± 3.4 | 14.4 ± 2.4 | 15.2 ± 3.0 | 16.5 ± 3.7 |
| Carbohydrate, % of kcal | 49.1 ± 8.4 | 52.9 ± 5.2 | 51.9 ± 6.7 | 45.8 ± 9.1 |
| Dietary fiber, grams | 13.8 ± 7.9 | 13.4 ± 6.8 | 13.7 ± 7.7 | 14 ± 8.3 |
| Fat, % of kcal | 35.9 ± 6.3 | 34.4 ± 4.7 | 34.0 ± 5.4 | 37.8 ± 6.8 |
| Saturated Fat, grams | 23.6 ± 13.1 | 25.3 ± 11.7 | 22.1 ± 11.0 | 24.3 ± 14.8 |
| Cholesterol, mg | 256.1 ± 161.6 | 240.3 ± 115.1 | 242.9 ± 168.7 | 270.9 ± 167.1 |
| Fat Soluble Vitamins | ||||
| Vitamin A, RAE | 724.6 ± 554.3 | 1250.1 ± 766.9 | 539.3 ± 306.1 | 720.9 ± 544.3 |
| Vitamin D, IU | 149.1 ± 103.7 | 194.7 ± 96.2 | 153.1 ± 101 | 133 ± 104.7 |
| Vitamin E, mg | 6.9 ± 3.9 | 7.2 ± 3 | 6.0 ± 3.7 | 7.5 ± 4.1 |
| Vitamin K, ug | 143.1 ± 151.7 | 57.7 ± 39.3 | 85.8 ± 84.8 | 189.6 ± 176.4 |
| Water soluble vitamins | ||||
| Vitamin C, mg | 121.0 ± 83.3 | 122.6 ± 92.2 | 135.2 ± 86.6 | 109.5 ± 76.8 |
| Folate, mcg | 292.5 ± 162.1 | 352 ± 192.1 | 315.8 ± 154.9 | 257.5 ± 151.5 |
| Thiamin, mg | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.6 ± 0.8 | 1.4 ± 0.7 | 1.4 ± 0.8 |
| Niacin, mg | 19.0 ± 10.7 | 18.0 ± 9.1 | 17.5 ± 9 | 20.5 ± 12.1 |
| Riboflavin, mg | 1.8 ± 0.9 | 2 ± 0.9 | 1.7 ± 0.8 | 1.8 ± 0.9 |
| Minerals | ||||
| Calcium, mg | 792.1 ± 417 | 858.7 ± 354.6 | 785.6 ± 404.3 | 778.4 ± 444.1 |
| Magnesium, mg | 245.6 ± 126 | 234.9 ± 110.4 | 227.3 ± 111.6 | 263 ± 138.8 |
| Selenium, mcg | 93.9 ± 52.5 | 89.1 ± 41.1 | 87.0 ± 45.0 | 100.7 ± 59.8 |
| Phosphorus, mg | 1158.1 ± 577.1 | 1210.3 ± 528.3 | 1124.4 ± 535.9 | 1169.8 ± 623.2 |
| Copper, mg | 1.2 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.6 | 1.3 ± 0.8 |
| Iron, mg | 12.5 ± 6.7 | 13.1 ± 7.5 | 12.1 ± 6.1 | 12.5 ± 7 |
| Zinc, mg | 10.2 ± 6.3 | 8.6 ± 4.2 | 9.7 ± 5.0 | 11.0 ± 7.6 |
1
Data expressed as Mean ± SD. All data in this table are total nutrient intakes from diet alone, supplementation not included.
2
% Estimated Energy Requirement (EER): Kilocalorie intake/EER, where EER is calculated from individual patient age, weight, height, and physical activity coefficient of 1.0 = sedentary physical activity.