Table 1.
Comparison of Cefotaxime (+) and Cefotaxime (−) Groups: Selected Demographic, Background, Pre-Admission, and Admission Factors
| Factor | Cefotaxime (+) (n = 22) | Cefotaxime (−) (n = 24) | P-value | Odds Ratio | 95% Confidence Interval |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, mean ± standard deviation (SD) | 80.64 ± 8.05 | 79.83 ± 8.11 | .738 | 1.01 | 0.94–1.09 |
| Gender (female), % | 54.5 | 62.5 | .804 | 0.72 | 0.22–2.34 |
| Race (white), % | 40.9 | 58.3 | .376 | 0.50 | 0.15–1.60 |
| Medical history | |||||
| Diabetes mellitus, % | 45.5 | 20.8 | .143 | 3.17 | 0.87–11.55 |
| Malignancy (solid organ), % | 45.5 | 25.0 | .252 | 2.50 | 0.72–8.71 |
| Prior surgery, % | 72.7 | 70.8 | .999 | 1.10 | 0.30–3.98 |
| Infectious disease history, %* | 27.3 | 16.7 | .484 | 1.88 | 0.45–7.80 |
| Transfusion history before admission, % | 31.8 | 8.3 | .066+ | 5.13 | 0.94–28.18 |
| Number of hospitalizations in past year ± SD | 2.27 ± 1.35 | 2.46 ± 2.09 | .725 | 0.94 | 0.67–1.32 |
| Hospital admission/discharge within 4 weeks, % | 31.8 | 20.8 | .609 | 1.77 | 0.47–6.72 |
| Pre-admission | |||||
| Residence (nursing home), % | 31.8 | 20.8 | .609 | 1.77 | 0.47–6.72 |
| Corticosteroid use, % | 22.7 | 4.2 | .090+ | 6.76 | 0.72–63.33 |
| Antibiotic use (within 4 weeks), % | 50.0 | 25.0 | .147 | 3.00 | 0.86–10.43 |
| Number of antibiotics used in hospital ± SD | 0.73 ± 1.24 | 0.33 ± .76 | .208 | 1.51 | 1.26–2.87 |
| Admission | |||||
| Admitting service (surgical), % | 31.8 | 20.8 | .066+ | 5.13 | 0.94–28.18 |
| Acute Physiology, Age, and Chronic Health Evaluation II score ± SD | 18.59 ± 6.90 | 14.79 ± 5.00 | .037§ | 1.12 | 1.00–1.25 |
| Comorbidities‡ ± SD | 0.91 ± 1.15 | 0.33 ± .57 | .042§ | 2.24 | 1.00–5.03 |
| PEG tube, % | 22.7 | 4.2 | .090+ | 6.77 | 0.72–63.33 |
| Anemia, % | 4.5 | 25.0 | .098+ | 0.14 | 0.02–1.30 |
| Infection•, % | 59.1 | 25.0 | .041§ | 4.33 | 1.24–15.21 |
Infectious disease history is defined as a history of human immunodeficiency virus infection, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, chronic osteomyelitis, endocarditis, treated diabetic foot ulcer or pressure ulcer in the past 6 months, or syphilis.
Approaches significance (<0.10 but >0.05).
Comorbidities include wheelchair use, chronic indwelling bladder catheter, and malnutrition present at time of admission.
Infection on admission is defined as the diagnosis of pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis, acute infected pressure ulcer, acute osteomyelitis, or sepsis.
P < .05.
Cefotaxime (+) = patients who were colonized with cefotaxime-resistant organisms on admission or discharge; Cefotaxime (−) = patients admitted to the geriatrics unit during the period of the study who were not colonized by cefotaxime-resistant organisms on admission or discharge.
PEG = percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.