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Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate, phytoene, and phytofluene are all colorless compounds. Colored carotenoids include ζ-carotene and all carotenoids downstream. Xanthophylls include zeaxanthin, antheraxanthin, violaxanthin, neoxanthin, lutein, and loroxanthin (found in C. reinhardtii).
