Variables Used in the Analysis:
	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	Range
Endogenous:
Knowledge of Spanish Index (KSI)	3.65	4.00	0.52	1.00 – 4.00
Unit-weighted sum of ability to speak, understand, read, and write Spanish
Friends’ College Plans	0.17	0	0.37	0 – 1
Most friends plan to attend college = 1
All others = 0
Year in School	2.28	2.00	0.62	1.00 – 4.00
First year of ESO = 1
Second year of ESO = 2
Third year of ESO = 3
Fourth year of ESO = 4
School Type	%
Public	85.2
Private	14.8
Exogenous:
Sociodemographic
	Mean	Median	Standard Deviation	Range
Age (in years)	14.36	14.00	1.13	12.00 – 19.00
Sex	0.52	1.00	0.50	0 – 1
Female = 1
Male = 0
Birthplace	0.13	0	0.34	0 – 1
Spain = 1
All others = 0
Length of Residence in Spain (in years)	6.69	6.00	3.90	0 – 17.00
Family Characteristics
Family Structure	0.67	1.0	0.47	0 – 1
Both biological parents present = 1
All other family types = 0
Father’s Education
Secondary = 1; Others = 0	0.30	0	0.46	0 – 1
University = 1; Others = 0	0.10	0	0.30	0 – 1
Mother’s Education
Secondary = 1; Others = 0	0.34	0	0.47	0 – 1
University = 1; Others = 0	0.12	0	0.32	0 – 1
Parental Socioeconomic Status	−0.004	−.102	0.743	−1.62 – 4.75
Standardized sum of father’s and mother’s education and occupation
Social Psychological Variables
Familism Index	2.38	2.33	0.65	1.00 – 4.00
Self Esteem Index	3.01	3.00	0.45	1.00 – 4.00
Dependent:
Educational Aspirations (four categories)i	3.10	4.00	1.11	1.00 – 4.00
ESO completa/don’t know = 1
Bachillerato = 2
Formacion profesional = 3
Titulo universitario = 4
Educational Expectations (four categories) 1	2.59	3.00	1.18	1.00 – 4.00
ESO completa/don’t know = 1
Bachillerato = 2
Formacion profesional = 3
Titulo universitario = 4
Educational Aspirations (seven categories)ii	4.27	5.00	1.97	1.00 – 7.00
ESO completa = 1
Bachillerato = 2
Formacion profesional de grado medio = 3
Formacion profesional de grado superior = 4
Titulo universitario (diplomado) = 5
Titulo universitario (licenciatura) = 6
Titulo de postgrado universitario = 5
Educational Expectations (seven categories) 2	3.32	3.00	1.97	1.00 – 7.00
ESO completa = 1
Bachillerato = 2
Formacion profesional de grado medio = 3
Formacion profesional de grado superior = 4
Titulo universitario (diplomado) = 5
Titulo universitario (licenciatura) = 6
Titulo de postgrado universitario = 5
Occupational Aspirations	0.40	0	0.49	0 – 1
Professional/Executive vs. Other
Occupational Expectations	153.92	152.38	44.45	64.56 – 234.42
PRESCA scale

ⁱUsed in multivariate regressions (see tables 3a and 4)

ⁱⁱUsed in structural equation models (see figures 1 and 2)