Table 3.
Site level bivariate regressions
| Variables |
Descriptive Statistics |
Coefficient (Std. Error) in Regressions |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | Range | Site mean nymph abundance | Site mean adult abundance | ||
|
Landscape composition variables | |||||
| Proportion of broad-leaved forest (%) |
ra = 500 m |
24.98 |
0–94.95 |
2.84 (0.99)** |
1.67 (0.82)* |
| r = 1000 m |
21.66 |
0.88–80.30 |
4.14 (1.13)*** |
2.75 (0.93)** |
|
| r = 1500 m |
21.27 |
1.06–85.32 |
4.61 (1.14)*** |
3.62 (0.91)*** |
|
| Proportion of coniferous forest (%) |
r = 500 m |
2.13 |
0–29.18 |
5.89 (5.01) |
3.67 (4.03) |
| r = 1000 m |
3.92 |
0–86.68 |
1.13 (1.97) |
0.63 (1.60) |
|
| r = 1500 m |
2.50 |
0–25.16 |
14.61 (5.52)** |
10.25 (4.42)* |
|
| Proportion of crops and pastures (%) |
r = 500 m |
35.25 |
0–89.34 |
−0.37 (1.00) |
−0.10 (0.82) |
| r = 1000 m |
35.72 |
0.11–77.07 |
−0.31 (1.25) |
−0.03 (1.02) |
|
| r = 1500 m |
40.10 |
6.70–83.70 |
−0.61 (1.36) |
−0.90 (1.10) |
|
| Proportion of heathland (%) |
r = 500 m |
0.11 |
0–1.11 |
1.78 (102.86) |
−16.94 (84.09) |
| r = 1000 m |
0.14 |
0–1.19 |
−31.32 (109.82) |
−23.92 (89.91) |
|
| r = 1500 m |
0.34 |
0–11.28 |
−34.64 (16.62)* |
−18.81 (14.88) |
|
|
Landscape (forest) configuration variables | |||||
| The number of forest patches |
r = 500 m |
11.16 |
0–27.00 |
−0.03 (0.04) |
0.002 (0.03) |
| r = 1000 m |
51.47 |
6.00–104.00 |
0.001 (0.01) |
0.005 (0.008) |
|
| r = 1500 m |
124.90 |
12.00–240.00 |
0.001 (0.004) |
0.002 (0.003) |
|
| Forest edge density (m/ha) |
r = 500 m |
21.56 |
0–76.97 |
0.03 (0.01)* |
0.02 (0.01). |
| r = 1000 m |
9.83 |
0–48.32 |
0.06 (0.02)*** |
0.06 (0.01)*** |
|
| r = 1500 m |
14.12 |
0–47.72 |
0.07 (0.02)*** |
0.06 (0.01)*** |
|
| Area-weighted mean forest shape index |
r = 500 m |
2.06 |
0–3.5 |
0.33 (0.37) |
0.42 (0.30) |
| r = 1000 m |
2.67 |
1.02–4.25 |
0.66 (0.26)* |
0.79 (0.20)*** |
|
| r = 1500 m |
3.01 |
1.05–5.13 |
0.72 (0.19)*** |
0.80 (0.14)*** |
|
| Area-weighted mean forest patch fractal dimension |
r = 500 m |
1.11 |
0–1.22 |
0.01 (1.50) |
0.49 (1.24) |
| r = 1000 m |
1.15 |
1.02–1.23 |
10.47 (4.32)* |
13.13 (3.45)*** |
|
| r = 1500 m |
1.16 |
1.03–1.24 |
11.94 (3.77)** |
14.71 (2.99)*** |
|
| Euclidean mean nearest-neighbour distance between forest patches (m) |
r = 500 m |
102.99 |
0–589.62 |
−0.02 (0.01)** |
−0.005 (0.003). |
| r = 1000 m |
89.03 |
63.88–339.93 |
−0.04 (0.01)** |
−0.08 (0.04)* |
|
| r = 1500 m |
88.64 |
63.81–195.46 |
−0.04 (0.01)*** |
−0.03 (0.01)*** |
|
| Aggregation index of forest patches |
r = 500 m |
63.13 |
0–94.25 |
0.02 (0.01) |
0.01 (0.01) |
| r = 1000 m |
59.42 |
23.94–89.51 |
0.04 (0.01)** |
0.04 (0.01)*** |
|
| r = 1500 m |
57.67 |
24.22–90.23 |
0.04 (0.01)*** |
0.05 (0.01)*** |
|
|
Soil variables | |||||
| Drainage degree |
2.98 |
0–6 |
−0.17 (0.17) |
0.06 (0.14) |
|
| Proportion of gravel (%) |
3.92 |
0–20.00 |
−1.51 (3.08) |
−1.40 (2.52) |
|
| Proportion of sand (%) |
37.35 |
0–90.00 |
1.01 (0.72) |
0.74 (0.59) |
|
| Proportion of slit (%) |
41.92 |
0–85.00 |
−0.25 (0.86) |
−0.14 (0.70) |
|
| Proportion of clay (%) |
10.92 |
0–50.00 |
−5.12 (2.45)* |
−3.18 (2.05) |
|
|
Wildlife variables | |||||
| Categories of shot roe deer number per 1 km² forest |
1.98 |
1.00–5.00 |
−0.31 (0.18). |
−0.20 (0.15) |
|
| Number of shot roe deer per 1 km² forest | 12.09 | 0–47.29 | −0.02 (0.01) | −0.01(0.01) | |
Significant variables are highlighted in bold.
a r : Buffer zone radius.
***P < 0.001; **P < 0.01; *P < 0.05; .P < 0.1.