Table 1.
Evidence for unconscious processing of emotion-relevant information.
| Study | Diagnosis | Task | Evidence for unconscious processing? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Agoraphobia | |||
| No studies (to our knowledge). | |||
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder | |||
| Bradley, Mogg, & Williams, 1995 | DEP | LDT (following Sub-Priming) | Yes |
| GAD | No | ||
| Mathews, Ridgeway, & Williamson, 1996 | GAD | Sub-DPT | No* |
| PD | Yes | ||
| DEP | No* | ||
| Mogg, Bradley, & Williams, 1995 | GAD | Sub-DPT | Yes |
| DEP | No | ||
| Bradley, Mogg, Millar, & White, 1995 | GAD | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| GAD with DEP | No | ||
| Mogg, Bradley, Millar, & White, 1995 | GAD | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| Mogg, Bradley, Williams, & Mathews, 1993 | GAD | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| DEP | No | ||
| Obsessive Compulsive Disorder | |||
| Kyrios & Iob, 1998 | OCD | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Unoki, Kasuga, Matsushima, & Ohta, 1999 | OCD | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| Panic Disorder | |||
| Schniering & Rapee, 1997 | PD & PDA | LDT (following Sub-Priming) | No |
| Kampman, Keijsers, Verbraak, Naring, & Hoogduin, 2002: Exp 1 | PD | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Kampman, Keijsers, Verbraak, Naring, & Hoogduin, 2002: Exp 2 | PD | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Lim & Kim, 2005 | DEP | Sub-Stroop | No |
| PD | Yes | ||
| Lundh, Wikström, Westerlund, & Öst, 1999 | PDA | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| Quero, Baños, & Botella, 2001 | PDA | Sub-Stroop | No |
| see also (above): | |||
| Mathews, Ridgeway, & Williamson, 1996 | |||
| Post-traumatic Stress Disorder | |||
| Devineni, Blanchard, Hickling, & Buckley, 2004 | PTSD | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Harvey, Bryant, & Rapee, 1996 | PTSD (with past car accident) | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| McNally, Amir, & Lipke, 1996 | PTSD | Sub-Stroop | Mixed |
| Paunovic, Lundh, & Öst, 2002 | PTSD | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Social Phobia | |||
| Mogg, Philippot, & Bradley, 2004 | SP | Sub-Stroop | No |
| van Peer, Spinhoven, & Roelofs, 2010 | SP | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Specific Phobia | |||
| Wikström, Lundh, Westerlund, & Högman, 2004 | Ph (snake) | LDT (following Sub- and Supra-Stroops) | Yes |
| Elsesser, Heuschen, Pundt, & Sartory, 2006 | Ph (mixed) | Sub-DPT | No |
| Thorpe & Salkovskis, 1997 | Ph (spider) | Sub-Stroop | No |
| Ph (mixed--not spider) | No* | ||
| van den Hout, Tenney, Huygens, & de Jong, 1997 | Ph (spider) | Sub-Stroop | Yes |
| Wikström, Lundh, Westerlund, & Högman, 2004 | Ph (snake) | Sub-Stroop | No |
| MDD | |||
| Dannlowski et al., 2007 | DEP | Sub-APT | No |
| Dannlowski, Kersting, Donges, et al., 2006 | DEP | Sub-APT | No |
| Dannlowski, Kersting, Lalee-Mentzel, et al., 2006 | DEP | Sub-APT | Yes |
| DEP (with comorbid anxiety) | Yes | ||
| Bradley, Mogg, & Millar, 1996: Expt 2 | DEP | LDT (following Sub-Priming) | Yes |
| Constant, et al., 2006 | DEP | Sub-Stroop | No |
| see also (above): | |||
| Bradley, Mogg, & Williams, 1995 | |||
| Mathews, Ridgeway, & Williamson, 1996 | |||
| Mogg, Bradley, & Williams, 1995 | |||
| Bradley, Mogg, Millar, & White, 1995; Mogg, Bradley, Williams, & Mathews, 1993 | |||
| Lim & Kim, 2005 | |||
Note. DEP = Depression/Major Depressive Disorder; GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder; OCD = Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; PD = Panic Disorder; PDA = Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia; Ph (XX) = Specific Phobia (XX = feared stimuli); PTSD = Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; SP = Social Phobia; LDT = Lexical Decision Task; Sub-APT = Subliminal Affective Priming Task; Sub-DPT = Subliminal Dot-Probe Task; Sub-Priming = Subliminal Priming; Sub-Stroop = Subliminal Stroop Task; Supra-Stroop = Supraliminal Stroop Task
*
stimuli were not specific to row's disorder.