Table 3.

Instrumental variable analysis estimate of the association of genetically raised HDL cholesterol and risk of myocardial infarction using LIPG Asn396Ser as an instrument

	Observational epidemiology		Genetically raised
	Odds ratio (95% CI) per 0·03 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) increase in plasma HDL cholesterol	p value	Odds ratio (95% CI) per 0·03 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) increase in plasma HDL cholesterol	p value
Cohort
Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study	0·97 (0·96–0·98)	7×10−18	0·96 (0·86–1·07)	0·44
Copenhagen City Heart Study	0·98 (0·98–0·99)	6×10−13	1·09 (0·95–1·26)	0·21
Malmo Diet and Cancer Study, Cardiovascular Cohort	0·97 (0·96–0·98)	1×10−6	0·82 (0·66–1·01)	0·06
Framingham Heart Study	0·96 (0·94–0·98)	4×10−6	1·17 (1·00–1·37)	0·06
Health Professionals Follow-up Study	..	..	1·84 (0·39–8·62)	0·16
Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study	..	..	1·05 (0·79–1·41)	0·71
Meta-analysis of cohort studies
Per 0·03 mmol/L (1 mg/dL) increase in plasma HDL cholesterol	0·98 (0·97–0·98)	4×10−36	1·02 (0·95–1·09)	0·64
Per 0·39 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) increase in plasma HDL cholesterol	0·70 (0·66–0·74)	4×10−36	1·28 (0·46–3·61)	0·64