Table 2.
Biologic Measures at Baseline (Prior to First Intervention)
| |
1x/wk |
2x/wk |
||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |
Massage |
Touch |
Massage |
Touch |
||||||||
| Variable | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD | N | Mean | SD |
| Endocrine measures | ||||||||||||
| OTa,b | 10 | 180.4 | 89.6 | 12 | 179.3 | 160.8 | 10 | 180.9 | 79.7 | 9 | 273.7 | 173.7 |
| AVPa,b | 9 | 63.53 | 42.51 | 12 | 76.47 | 67.87 | 8 | 69.91 | 48.06 | 9 | 53.77 | 33.91 |
| ACTHa,b | 6 | 64.43 | 20.65 | 7 | 57.66 | 16.74 | 5 | 62.07 | 10.80 | 3 | 79.02 | 9.94 |
| Plasma cortisola,c | 11 | 26.28 | 7.41 | 12 | 26.34 | 17.18 | 13 | 28.43 | 16.46 | 9 | 29.34 | 23.08 |
| Salivary cortisolc | 10 | 0.613 | 0.337 | 11 | 0.457 | 0.316 | 13 | 0.629 | 0.438 | 8 | 0.521 | 0.241 |
| Lymphocyte subset countsd | ||||||||||||
| Total lymphocytes | 10 | 1,801,000 | 623,760 | 11 | 2,249,091 | 777,399 | 12 | 2,200,583 | 1,181,110 | 9 | 1,768,889 | 894,350 |
| CD4 | 10 | 724,700 | 265,321 | 10 | 854,300 | 292,234 | 11 | 1,036,000 | 590,346 | 9 | 851,111 | 529,919 |
| CD8 | 10 | 535,100 | 278,375 | 10 | 617,600 | 301,879 | 11 | 607,364 | 298,152 | 9 | 477,889 | 213,737 |
| CD25 | 10 | 668,700 | 311,511 | 10 | 671,200 | 311,313 | 11 | 719,455 | 280,984 | 9 | 668,222 | 632,808 |
| CD56 | 10 | 199,580 | 78,079 | 10 | 395,400 | 278,000 | 12 | 254,317 | 152,689 | 9 | 275,078 | 143,030 |
| In vitro cytokine levelse | ||||||||||||
| IFN-γ | 6 | 16.83 | 16.81 | 7 | 57.22 | 58.12 | 12 | 40.32 | 62.57 | 8 | 31.09 | 32.81 |
| IL-1β | 6 | 1.06 | 0.76 | 7 | 2.38 | 3.54 | 12 | 1.25 | 1.56 | 8 | 0.89 | 1.13 |
| IL-2 | 5 | 0.185 | 0.163 | 7 | 0.278 | 0.182 | 11 | 0.453 | 0.693 | 7 | 0.214 | 0.223 |
| IL-4 | 6 | 0.311 | 0.103 | 8 | 1.056 | 2.379 | 11 | 0.383 | 0.421 | 6 | 0.355 | 0.286 |
| IL-5 | 6 | 0.690 | 0.824 | 8 | 0.790 | 0.930 | 12 | 0.926 | 1.814 | 5 | 0.993 | 1.049 |
| IL-6 | 4 | 31.31 | 15.19 | 4 | 18.92 | 14.40 | 7 | 18.06 | 16.25 | 6 | 16.34 | 17.15 |
| IL-10 | 6 | 31.88 | 48.30 | 7 | 13.40 | 16.07 | 11 | 37.43 | 96.84 | 7 | 7.02 | 12.05 |
| IL-13 | 6 | 3.98 | 6.34 | 7 | 2.59 | 3.18 | 11 | 10.62 | 22.99 | 7 | 2.98 | 5.81 |
| TNF-α | 8 | 5.26 | 4.90 | 8 | 8.67 | 12.64 | 12 | 5.56 | 6.86 | 8 | 5.39 | 10.43 |
No significant differences were observed among the 4 randomized groups.
a
Values are the average between two pretreatment samples collected.
b
In pg/mL.
c
In μg/dL.
d
In cells/mL.
e
In pg/104 lymphocytes.
SD, standard deviation; OT, oxytocin; AVP, arginine vasopressin; ACTH, adrenal corticotropin hormone; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.